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Vol. XV SEPTEMBER, 1914 No. 177 JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR ARLOW BURDETTE STOUT Director of the Laboratories CONTENTS PAGB The John Innes Kane Fund 175 Poison Ivy i76 Fossil Wood from the Petrified Forest of Arizona 181 Antumn Lectures, 19: 4 182 Convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents 183 Notes, News and Comment 185 accessions 188 PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN A T 41 NORTH QUEEN STREET, LANCASTER, PA. T H E N EW ERA PRIWTTNG COMPANY O K F I O E R S 191- 4 PRESIDENT— W. GILMAN THOMPSON , , D CANDREW CARNEGIE VICE RESIDENTS J F R A N C I S LYNDE STETSON TREASURER— JAMES A. SCRYMSER SECRETARY— N. L. BRITTON B O A R D O K M A N A G E R S 1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January. 1910 N. L. BRITTON W. J. MATHESON ANDREW CARNEGIE W. GILMAN THOMPSON LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS Terra expire* January, 1916 THOMAS H. HUBBARD FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON uEORGE W. PERKINS MYLES TIERNEY LOUIS C. TIFFANY Term expires January. 1917 EDWARD D. ADAMS JAMES A. SCRYMSER ROBERT W. DE FOREST HENRY W. DE FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM Z. EX- OFFICIO MANAGERS THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK HON. JOHN PURROY MITCHEL THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. GEORGE CABOT WARD 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS PROF. H. H. RUSBY, Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER PROF. R. A. HARPER THOMAS W. CHURCHILL . PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE G A R D E N S T A K J* DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director- in- Chief ( Development, Administration) DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Director ( Administration) DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums ( Flowering Plants) DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator ( Flowering Plants) DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator ( Flowerless Plants) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator ( Flowerless Plants) ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener DR A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboratories DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer SARAH H. HARLOW, Librarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plants DR. WILLIAM J. GIES, Consulting Chemist COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Museum Custodian JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds ^ InPi s& ^ \ M j k - ii • VAt %:. ,' JEP I t * V sM3Bir'aSiiJ PfV afBBftt WsslfBJjIijL— J W W B ^ ^ S M B ^ !% i — at ma , ff— rTiiimf aar — - if/ £ f e 1 IP p'flSIS/ iffJrTll t* • aanflaOiStliSstllm F '"' / HS ^ JH - i f * s$ 5' • / **'' Y# | : ; r ^ ^ W i n II tir ul , 1 1 SaB| Kf^ H M>~ W ' l % 1 '* H £ J2i JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden VOL. XV September, 19.4 No. 177 THE JOHN INNES KANE FUND Mr. John Innes Kane served as a member of the Board of Managers of the Garden from 1896 until his death in 1913. He was Chairman of the Membership Committee during this period and for many years was a member of the Executive Committee. His interest in botanical science and in the development of the New York Botanical Garden was great, and his untimely death was deeply deplored. The following letter was received from Mrs. Kane in December, 1913: 1 WEST 49TH STREET, December 17, 1913. DR. N. L. BRITTON, Secretary, New York Botanical Garden. My dear Dr. Britton: . If it will be agreeable to the Managers of the Garden, I shall be glad to establish a memorial to my late husband, John Innes Kane, remembering his interest at all times in the Garden. I shall be prepared to send to the Managers a cheque for ten thousand dollars upon learning that such purpose is approved by them. I should wish the fund to be called " The John Innes Kane Fund," to be held and invested and the income applied to the purchase of living plants for the grounds and greenhouses. Please present the subject in the proper quarter, and inform me. Yours faithfully, ( Signed) ANNIE C. KANE. [ Journal for August ( 15: 153- 174) was issued August 25, 1914] 175 176 At a meeting of the Board of Managers held December 18, 1913, the following resolution was adopted: Resolved: That the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden gratefully, and with high appreciation, accepts the gift of Ten Thousand Dollars by Mrs. John Innes Kane as a memorial of her late husband, for many years a member of this Board, in accordance with the terms of her letter of December 17, 1913, addressed to Dr. N. L. Britton, Secretary, the income of the " John Innes Kane Fund" to be applied to the purchase of living plants for the grounds and greenhouses. This foundation is the first which has been established at the Garden for the specified purpose of increasing the collections of living plants, and it will be of great service, both by supplying specimens for scientific investigation and for decorative plantations. A portion of the income of the " John Innes Kane Fund" for 1914 was used in the spring for the purchase of ericaceous evergreens for planting the semicircular plot 120 feet long, averaging 15 feet wide, in front of the lower marble basin of the bronze fountain immediately in front of the museum building, hitherto maintained as lawn. The background of this fountain had previously been planted with arbor vitae, Chamaecyparis and other conifers. The plants purchased and installed this spring include 150 specimens of low rhododendrons of six different kinds, occupying the two ends of the strip, the middle portion being occupied by two species of Pieris, Azalea amoena Hinodegri and Leucothoe Catesbaei. A photograph of the museum front showing the fountain and the new plantation is reproduced herewith. N. L. BRITTON. POISON IVY ( WITH PLATES CXXXVII, CXXXVIII, CXXXIX, AND CXL) Poison ivy, Rhus radicans, is one of the most widely distributed of the plants that occur in the eastern United States. No matter 177 where you go, from the peaks of the Catskill Mountains to the shores of the oceans, you will find poison ivy. Every year it becomes more widely distributed. This is due to its effective method of propagation, to its hardiness, and to its attractiveness. The seeds of poison ivy will develop under almost all conditions. Like many other seeds, they are not harmed by the cold of winter, so that when weather conditions are favorable, the mature plant develops. Poison ivy will adapt itself to many varying conditions, and its habits of growth under varying conditions are as variable as the conditions. It is without doubt one of our most attractive plants. Because of its beauty it is frequently allowed to grow beside old fences and unsightly hedges, which are completely covered by its luxuriant growth. Poison ivy, depending on the conditions, grows as a trailing vine ( Plate CXXXVII); a climbing vine ( Plate CXXXVIII); or as a shrub ( Plate CXXIX). The trailing form is met with most frequently on the borders of woods, in meadows, and in open places between trees. Under these conditions the main stem trails along the ground, rooting at the joints and developing numerous aerial branches. When the trailing form comes in contact with a fence or shrub, it becomes climbing. But instead of developing roots which function as absorbing organs it develops thousands of small roots which function as hold- fast organs. By means of these roois it is able to climb the perpendicular face of a cliff or a tree trunk. From this vertical vine- like stem, numerous lateral branches develop, some of which become attached to the tree, while others remain free. In some instances the horizontal branches grow to such a length that they resemble the branches of a tree and if the growth of the poison ivy is sufficiently vigorous it may completely overshadow the branches of the tree. The shrub form of poison ivy is usually found growing in open exposed places. When undisturbed, it grows to the size of a small tree with good sized branches. The trunk is often free from branches for several feet from the ground. The spring foliage which develops annually on all forms is of an attractive reddish- purple color. This color is gradually replaced by the chlorophyll green of the mature leaf. 178 The leaves of poison ivy are three- foliate. The two lateral leaflets are nearly sessile and somewhat egg- shaped. The margin of the leaf varies from entire to strongly notched on the side parallel to the stem. The terminal leaflet has a short stalk and prominently marked apex. All the leaflets are of a bright shining green color above, and slightly paler beneath. These leaves begin to change color in August. At first the green of the upper surface becomes marked between the green veins with copper-colored splashes. Gradually che color changes to dark crimson and spreads to the veins which now have become yellow, so that the leaf is marked at this period by broad bands of dark crimson and narrow bands of yellow. Finally the leaf becomes a uniform color, the color varying from pink to red and to brown. It is the brightly colored forms of poison ivy that are most prized for bouquets by those unfamiliar with its nature. Only last fall while crossing the Fort Lee Ferry, a man who sat beside me asked me if I could tell him the name of the bright red leaves surrounding a bouquet of asters. " My two little children are asking me to tell them the names of the plants that I take them from my walks," said he. When I told him that they were poison ivy leaves, he seemed very grateful for the information. The flowers, which occur in panicles and which are green in color, are small and inconspicuous. The individual flowers have a four to six- parted calyx. The petals are greenish- white and spreading. The flowers have five stamens, a solitary pistil, one ovule, and a three- parted style. The fruit is small, rounded and greenish- white in color. After the first frost the leaves begin to fall. In a short time the branches are entirely bare. During this, the winter stage of the plant, the stems appear dark gray. The thousands of hold- fasts on the climbing form, which are now readily seen, appear like tufts of brownish black hairs. During the late fall, winter, and early spring many people are poisoned by coming in contact with the stem and berries. Poison ivy is often mistaken for Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus guinquefolia, a plant which is frequently found growing with poison ivy. The leaves of the former ( Plate C X L ) are five- JOURNAL O? THE N E W YOR- C BOTAX. CAL GARDEN CXXXVIII Poison Ivy, climbing form. JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Poison Ivy, shrub form, growing at CroDks' Point, Staten Island. 179 parted instead of three- foliate as in those of the poison ivy. The three upper leaflets are usually larger than the two lower ones. The margin of the leaflets are coarsely toothed to or below the middle. The veins are more prominent on the under side of the leaf. In early fall the leaves of Virginia creeper change from a dark green to a bright scarlet color. The bright color pf the leaves together with the clusters of dark blue berries makes this plant much sought after in decorative planting. Poison ivy, or poison oak, as it is known commercially, poisons more people in this section of the country than any other plant. The result of the poisoning seldom proves fatal, yet the person affected suffers greatly from the intense irritation and swelling of the tissues and skin, which irritation is caused by the poisonous fatty or resinous constituent of the plant. To people susceptible to its effects, it acts as an irritant or caustic poison. Some people are so susceptible to its effects that a few pollen grains falling on the skin will produce poisoning; while with others, direct contact with the leaves of the plant is necessary to produce irritation. The first effect of poisoning by ivy is a mild irritation of the skin, which the sufferer instinctively rubs, unless he suspects the source of the irritation. Even then, some people do not refrain from scratching the skin. The result is that the outer skin is broken or removed. This gives the poison access to the inner and more sensitive tissues. The secondary effect of this poisoning is reddening of the skin. This is followed by the blister stage. These blisters are caused by the infiltration of water between the outer and inner layers of the skin. If these blisters are perforated and the water allowed to run on an unaffected part, that part in due time develops symptoms of poisoning. In fact, a brisk rubbing of the surface affected during any stage of infection and a subsequent touching of an unaffected part will cause the poison to take effect. The effect of poison ivy on the skin can be effectively counteracted during any of its stages by rubbing the parts well with a paste of bicarbonate of soda and finally leaving on the affected part a layer of this pasty mass, frequently moistening it as the water evaporates. 180 Another method is to wash the part suspected of ivy poisoning with strong grain alcohol. The fatty or resinous nature of the poisonous substance of this plant is saponified when treated with an alkali, which of course changes its chemical composition, thus rendering it harmless. While the alcohol treatment is based on the fact that the alcohol dissolves the fat which is thus removed from the surface of the skin, the alcohol treatment proves efficacious only during the first stage of poisoning. Thousands of people are poisoned every year by poison ivy, much to their discomfiture, both from a physical and a financial standpoint. A large manufacturing concern in the city only recently asked me to arrange an exhibit of poison ivy for their employees. Their attending physician informed me that each year numbers of the men are affected with poison ivy. In fact, cases of poisoning have been so common during the past year that the company decided to teach their men to identify the plant, and to apply the proper method of treatment in case of poisoning. For several years past efforts have been made to exterminate poison ivy in the New York Botanical Garden, especially in the vicinity of the main paths. Workmen, who are not susceptible to the poison of the plant, root out and destroy the plants, which is the only effective method of eradication. It is necessary to go over the same areas year after year to dig out any plants that may spring up from roots that remained in the soil or from seed. After the first thorough uprooting the work for successive years is much less and in a few years the eradication is complete. Is it not time that steps be taken to rid the country of this pest? We can at least make a beginning by having exhibition beds of poison ivy in all our public parks. In making such an exhibit it will not be necessary to search beyond the park limits for these plants. In all the parks of the city there are thousands of plants of poison ivy. Why not rid our parks of these plants, push the campaign of extermination to the state, and finally to the whole country? Poison ivy has become a menace to public health. For that reason every person should be familiar with it. WILLIAM MANSFIELD. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. JOURNAL OF THE N E W YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Leaf of Poison Ivy ( Rhus radicans) in lower part of plate. In upper part of plate aleaf of Virginia creeper ( Parthenocissus quinquefolia) sometimes mistaken for Poison Ivy. 181 FOSSIL WOOD FROM THE PETRIFIED FOREST OF ARIZONA The Museum has recently acquired, through the kindness of Mrs. John I. Kane, two fine specimens of fossil wood, from the so- called " Petrified Forest," near Adamana, Arizona. The specimens consist of complete cross sections of a tree trunk about thirteen inches in diameter, one of which is polished so that the mineralization and what remains of the original structural characters of the wood are clearly shown. The region which includes the most interesting features of the forest is embraced in the Petrified Forest National Monument, a reservation created by proclamation of President Roosevelt, on June 8, 1906. The original reservation was, however, deemed to be more extensive than necessary and was reduced in 1911 to its present area of forty and one half square miles. Under the conditions which now obtain specimens of the fossil wood may not be taken away by collectors as was formerly freely done, and the Garden is, therefore, to be congratulated on having secured these two specimens, especially the polished one, which was sent to England by Tiffany and Company, in order that the work of polishing could be satisfactorily done. The particular form of fossilization exemplified in the wood from this region is what is known as silification. or the replacement of the woody tissue by silica in one or more of its various forms, chalcedony, jasper, quartz crystals, etc. Of course every intelligent person now knows that fossil wood of all kinds represents what was formerly the wood of living trees; but it may be interesting to note that this fact was a subject of controversy and discussion until the beginning of the last century, and that all of the older writers on natural history who had occasion to study such material had either very vague or entirely erroneous ideas in regard to its true nature and origin. In Gerard's " Herbal," published in 1597, for example, may be found these words in connection with his discussion of a fossil tree stump: " Among the wonders of England this is one of great admiration, and contrary unto man's reason and capacitie, that there should bee a kinde of Wood alterable into the hardnesse of a stone called 182 Stonie Wood, or rather a kinde of water, which hardeneth wood and other things into the nature and matter of stones." Fossil wood and fossils in general were, for the most part, regarded as freaks of nature; but in 1693 John Ray, in his " Physico- Theological Discourses," expresses grave doubt that Nature should engage in useless and wanton ornamentation of rocks and stones, such as he observed in connection with fossil shells and other animal remains; " Yet," he finally observes, " I must not dissemble, that there is a Phenomenon in Nature, which doth somewhat puzzle me to reconcile with the prudence observable in all its works; and seems strongly to prove, that Nature doth sometimes ludere, and delineate Figures, for no other end but for the Ornamentation of some stones, to entertain and gratifie our Curiosity, or exercise our Wits. That is, those elegant Impressions of the Leaves of Plants upon Cole- Slate." ARTHUR HOLLICK. AUTUMN LECTURES, 1914 Lectures will be delivered in the Lecture Hall of the Museum Building of the Garden, Bronx Park, on Saturday afternoons, at four o'clock, as follows: Oct. 3. " The Economic Importance of Fungi," by Dr. F. J. Seaver. Oct. 10. " Carnivorous Plants," by Dr. J. H. Barnhart. Oct. 17. " The Flora of New York and Vicinity," by Mr. Norman Taylor. Oct. 24. " The Production and Utilization of Plant Hybrids," by Dr. A. B. Stout. Oct. 31. " Botanical Travels in Europe," by Dr. W. A. Murrill. Nov. 7. " A Botanist in India and Java," by Dr. C. F. Millspaugh. Nov. 14. " The Influence of Radium on the Production of Field Crops," by Dr. H. H. Rusby. The lectures, which occupy an hour, will be illustrated by lantern slides and otherwise. Doors closed at 4: 00; late comers admitted at 4: 15. 183 The Museum Building is reached by the Harlem Division of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad to Botanical Garden Station, by trolley cars to Bedford Park, or by the Third Avenue Elevated Railway to Botanical Garden, Bronx Park. Visitors coming by the Subway change to the Elevated Railway at 149th Street and Third Avenue. Those coming by the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway change at 180th Street for crosstown trolley, transferring north at Third Avenue. CONVENTION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS The sixteenth annual Convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents was held at Newburgh, New York, and New York City, August 24 to 27 inclusive. It was one of the most successful conventions in the history of the association, the attendance being large, with representatives from many parts of the United States and Canada. The membership registration was seventy- two, which, with the guests, made a total attendance of about one hundred and fifty. The headquarters at Newburgh were at the Palatine Hotel, in New York City at the Hotel Astor. The opening meeting was held in the Y. M. C. A. building at Newburgh, the mayor making an address of welcome, followed by an address by Park Commissioner Belknap. President Richards responded for the Association. An interesting paper on the life and work of Andrew Jackson Downing, the father of landscape gardening in America, was read by Professor F. A. Waugh, of Amherst, Mass. This was followed by a paper on " The Preservation of Natural Woodlands L'nder Park Conditions," by Mr. Ogelsby Paul, landscape gardener at Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. On account of illness, Mr. Paul was unable to be present, so the paper was read by Mr. H. W. Merkel. Tuesday was a day of sightseeing, with an early trip across the Hudson to Mount Beacon, famous in Revolutionary times. From this high point a magnificent view of the Hudson and its valley was obtained. The remainder of the day was occupied in 184 visiting, by aid of automobiles, the many places of interest in Newburgh, including its parks, private gardens, and the home of Downing. The Association was entertained at luncheon by Mrs. E. H. Harriman at Tuxedo Inn, in Tuxedo Park, twenty-five miles distant, to which we were rapidly driven by automobiles. In the evening a reception was tendered to the Association by the citizens of Newburgh at the Coldwell Lawn Mower Plant. On Wednesday the Association was the guest of the Hon. George W. Perkins, president of the Interstate Park Commission. As his guests we were taken down the Hudson in a specially chartered steamer, the " Albion." A stop of an hour was made at West Point. At Bear Mountain a stop was made for luncheon as the guests of Mr. Perkins. After luncheon Mr. Perkins made an address in which he described the work which had already been done in the establishing of this vast park and his hopes for its future development. He is much interested in this work and is giving much of his time to promoting it. At three, the party embarked and proceeded down the river. Thursday was devoted to an inspection of the parks and gardens of New York City. After addresses of welcome at the Hotel Astor by city officials, the party proceeded in automobiles furnished by the City of New York and the Fifth Avenue Stage Company. Central Park, Riverside Drive and Van Cortlandt Park were visited. The party was met at the Mosholu Bridge by an automobile bearing the flag of the New York Botanical Garden, which led the procession of cars through the grounds of the Garden. They left the cars at the west end of the Long Bridge, where they proceeded on foot through the Hemlock Forest and the Economic Garden. Again entering the autos, after a short drive through the southern end of the grounds, they proceeded to the New York Zoological Park, where they were entertained at luncheon by that institution. The remainder of the afternoon was spent in a drive through the streets of New York and through Central Park, crossing into Brooklyn over the Brooklyn Bridge, where some of the parks were visited, and terminating the day and the convention at Coney Island. GEORGE V. NASH. 185 NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT The Horticultural Society of New York, in cooperation with the Garden, gave a Gladiolus Exhibition in the Museum on Saturday and Sunday, August 15 and 16. There was a large display of gladioli. Mr. T. A. Havemeyer made his usual extensive exhibit of superb blooms of this popular flower. The collection shown by Mr. T. A. Havemeyer of fifty- seven kinds, secured the first prize for the largest and best collection. A second prize went to Mr. John Lewis Childs for a collection of forty- six kinds. Mr. Childs also secured the first prize for a collection of twelve varieties, three spikes of each; and likewise first prize for a vase of twenty- five white with " Snow King," and second for a vase of twenty- five pink with " Fascinator," the first prize for this class going to Mrs. DeLancey Kane of New Rochelle with a vase of " America." These prizes were in the open- to- all classes. Mr. Havemeyer was also a winner in the non- commercial classes, securing first prize for the best six kinds, two spikes of each; and also first prize for the best vase of white, six spikes, with " Zephelin," and for the best vase of pink with " Panama." A special cash prize was awarded to Mrs. F. A. Constable for a vase of Helianthus rigidus Miss Willmott. The Garden made exhibits of the flowers, not for competition, of thirty- three kinds of shrubs and of nineteen kinds of herbaceous plants. A collection of shrubs in fruit, including sixty kinds, was also made and attracted much attention. A collection of orchid plants was also shown. The report of the Bronx Parkway Commission for 1914, recently received, records great activity during the year past, including the purchase of 392 parcels of real estate, the reclamation of considerable areas within the Parkway, the cutting out of over 1,300 dead trees, and the pruning of over 6,000 with tree surgery to over 1,600, the planting of 5,000 shrubs and saplings, and the planting of 20,000 cuttings in the nursery. The report also gives the history of the project, the commission 186 having been appointed in 1907, and the first appropriation of $ 35,000 having been made in July, 1911. It will be remembered that this parkway will extend from the northeastern boundary of the Garden at Williamsbridge northward along both sides of the Bronx River to Valhalla, a length of about fifteen and one half miles, and will protect the Bronx River from pollution. Several members of the Bedford Garden Club visited the Garden on Saturday, August 15, and remained to the flower show and lecture. This club was organized about two years ago and has a membership of one hundred women who own, plan, and work in their gardens. It meets twice a month during the summer co hear papers written by the members or lectures by professional speakers on gardening topics and discussions of garden problems. A public flower show is held once a year, and various excursions are made to interesting gardens in other localities, Among the members who visited the Garden, were Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. Henry C. Hopkins, Mrs. Merrill E. Gates, Mrs. Nelson B. Williams, secretary of the club, and Miss Delia W. Marble, vice- president. Dr. Florence A. McCormick, assistant professor of agricultural botany in the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, presented the results of two months' research work at the Garden at an informal conference held on the afternoon of August 12, which was attended by fifteen local botanists interested in cytological subjects. A few years ago, Dr. McCormick discovered a " central body" in the zygospore of the ordinary black mould of bread, and her object this summer has been to trace the history of this body and to determine its function in the zygospore. A large amount of culture work and sectioning has been necessary in the prosecution of this difficult piece of research, and many of the preparations made have not yet been studied. Dr. Johan Nordal Fischer Wille, professor of botany and director of the Botanical Garden of the University of Christiania, 187 Norway, spent two weeks of September at the New York Botanical Garden. Professor Wille is well known to American botanists, especially by his studies of the green algae. Among his papers in this field is the treatment of the Chlorophyceae in Engler & Prantl's " Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien." Professor Wille is one of the foreign delegates to the celebration of the twenty- fifth anniversary of the organization of the board of trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden to be held at St. Louis on October 15 and 16. At the request of E. H. Anderson, Director of the New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, 45 sets of the essays by Mrs. Britton on " Wild Plants Needing Protection" which are illustrated with colored plates by the aid of the fund for the Preservation of Native Plants given by Miss Maria and Olivia Phelps Stokes, have been sent for distribution to the branches of the library in various parts of the city. Mr. J. R. Johnston, who has made extensive investigations of cocoanut and sugarcane diseases in tropical America, spent August 10 to 12 at the Garden consulting the herbarium and library. He has resigned his position with the Porto Rico Sugar Growers' Association at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, to accept the position of plant pathologist in the agricultural experiment station at Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. Miss Laura M. Bragg, Curator of Books and Public Instruction, Charleston Museum, Charleston, South Carolina, spent several days at the Garden about the middle of August, looking up records of South Carolina plants in the herbarium. Dr. Adolf J. A. Fredholm, professor of agronomy, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Mayaguez, Porto Rico, visited the Garden in August. Meteorology for August.— The record of the rainfall at the Garden for August 11 was lost. The record at the municipal building at Tremont Avenue for that date was 0.90 im h. In- 188 eluding this figure the total precipitation for the month was 2.03 inches. Maximum temperatures for each week were 87.50 on the i s t / 9 1 0 on the 9th, 970 on the 19th, and 89.50 on the 24th. Minimum temperatures were 6o° on the 7th, 55.50 on the 14th, 590 on the 18th, and 55.50 on the 26th. ACCESSIONS MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM 2 specimens of fungi frojn New York. ( By exchange with Mr. Stewart H. Burnham.) 1 specimen of woody fungus from British Columbia. ( By exchange with Professor T. C. Frye.) 1 specimen of woody fungus from Florida. ( By exchange with Dr. Roland M. Harper.) 55 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico. ( By exchange with the University of Porto Rico.) 71 specimens of fungi from California. ( By exchange with Professor W. A. Setchell.) 1 specimen of Thelephora pedicellata from Texas. ( By exchange with Professor Frederick H. Blodgett.) 770 specimens of fungi from southern Europe. ( Collected by Rev. G. Bresa-dola.) 1 specimen of Lentinus Ravenelii from Orient, Long Island. ( By exchange with Mr. Roy Latham.) 1 specimen of Exobasidium from New York. ( By exchange with Miss Delia W. Marble.) 36 specimens of fungi from Austin, Texas. ( By exchange with Dr. Frederick McAllister.) 1 specimen of fleshy fungus from Wisconsin. ( By exchange with Dr. Lewis Sherman.) 1 specimen of Clitocybe multtceps from Rochester, New York. ( By exchange with Mr. William E. Abbs.) 8 specimens of woody fungi from Ontario, Canada. ( By exchange with Mr. J. H. Faull.) 1 specimen of fleshy fungus from Orient, Long Island. ( By exchange with Mr. Roy Latham.) 1 specimen of woody fungus from Westchester County, New York. ( By exchange with Miss Delia W. Marble.) 68 specimens of mosses from the Philippine Islands. ( Collected by Dr. A. D. E. Elmer.) 12 specimens of mosses from Canada. ( By exchange with Mr. John M. Macoun.) 189 i specimen of Octoblepharum albidum from Tobago, West Indies. ( Given by Mr. W. E. Bioadway.) 5 specimens of lichens from Wyoming. ( By exchange with Professor Aven Nelson.) 2 specimens of hepatics from Wyoming. ( By exchange with Professor Aven Nelson.) 8 specimens of mosses from New Zealand. ( Given by Professor Edward B. Chamberlain.) 3 specimens of mosses from California. ( By exchange with Profes? or Ir£ nee Theriot.) 6 specimens of mosses from Arizona. ( By exchange with Professor L. N. Goodding.) PLANTS AND SEEDS 2 cacti from Cuba. ( Collected by Bro. Leon.) 5 plants for conservatories, from Bermuda. ( Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.) 5 plants of Populus deltoides. ( Given by Mrs. N. F. Flynn.) 2 plants for nursery. ( Given by Mr. E. C. Wurzlow.) 22 plants for fountain. ( Purchased.) 2 plants for nursery. ( Given by Miss Juliet Turner.) 3 rose plants. ( Purchased.) 2 plants of Ophioglossum vulgalum. ( Collected by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 3 plants of Dudleya Parishii. ( By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus.* through Dr. Rose.) 12 plants of Azalea mollis Hollandea. ( Purchased.) 17 plants for conservatories, from Panama. ( Collected by Dr. J. N. Rose.) 1 Cattleya from Brazil. ( Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 1 plant, Cynometra portoricensis, from Porto Rico. ( Collected by H. C. Cowles.) 37 cacti, from Nevada. ( Collected by Dr. D. T. MacDougal.) 1 plant, Opuntia Opuntia. ( Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.) 10 plants of Peramium pubescens. ( Collected by Mr. Percy Wilson, at Scarsdale, N. Y.) 1083 plants. ( Derived from seed of various sources.) 1 pkt. seed of Chamaedorea Pacaya. ( By exchange with Bureau Plant Industry.) 146 plants from Panama. ( Collected by Mr. A. J. Corbett.) 1 plant Hariota villigera. ( Given by Mr. Leonard Barron.) flDembers of tbe Corporation FlITZ AcHELIS EDWARD D. ADAMS CHARLES B. ALEXANDER JOHN D. ARCHBOLD, GEORCE F. BAKER EUGENE P. BICKNELL GEORGE S. BOWDOIN PROF. N. L. BUTTON PROF. EDW. S. BURGESS DR. NICHOLAS M. BUTLER ANDREW CARNEGIE PROF. C. F. CHANDLER WILLIAM G. CHOATI THOMAS W. CHURCHILL E. C. CONVERSE PAUL D. CRAVATH HENRY W. DE FOREST RORERT W. DE FOREST CLEVELAND H. DODGE A. F. ESTABROOX H. C FAHNESTOCK SAMUEL W. FAIRCHILD GEORGE W. FOLSOM JAMES B. FORD HENRY C FRICK PROF. W. J. GIES J. HORACE HARDING EDWARD S. HARKNESS PROE. R. A. HARPER T. A. HAVEMEYER A. HECKSCHER HENRY R. HOYT THOS H. HUIEARD ADRIAN ISELIN, JR. WALTER B. JENNINGS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP EDW. V. Z. LANE PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE HON. SETH LOW DAVID LYDIG EDGAR L. MARSTON W. J. MATHESON DR. WM. H. MAXWELL EMERSON MCMILLIN OGDEN MILLS J. PIERPONT MOSGAN THEODORE W. MYERS FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD PROF. HENRY F. OSBORN LOWELL M. PALMER GEORGE W. PERKINS HENRY PHIPFS JAMES R. PITCHER M. F. PLANT EDWIN A. RICHARD JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER PROF. H. H. RUSBY DR. REGINALD H. SAYRE JACOB H. SCHIFF MORTIMER L. SCHIFF JAMES A. SCRYMSER ISAAC N. SELIGMAN ALBERT R. SHATTUCK HENRY A. SIEBRECHT WILLIAM D. SLOANE NELSON SMITH VALENTINE P. SNYDER JAMES SPEYER FRANCIS L. STETSON CHARLES G. THOMPSON DR. W. GILMAN THOMPSON SAMUEL THORNE MYLES TIERNEY LOUIS C TIFFANY GZOEGE W. VANDERBILT W. K. VANDERBILT P U B L I C A T I O N S The New York Botanical Garden Journal of tho New Tork Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, containing notes, news, and non- technical articles of general interest. Free to all members of the Garden. To others, io cents a copy; jSi. oo a year. [ Not offered in exchange.] Now in its fifteenth volume. Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and otherwise; devoted to fungi; including lichens; containing technical articles and news and notes of general interest, and an index to current American mycological literature. $ 3.00 a year; single copies not for sale. [ Not offered in exchange.] Now in its sixth volume. Bulletin of the New Tork Botanical Garden, containing the annual repo. ts of the Director- in- Chief and other official documents, and technical articles embodying results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all members of the Garden ; to others, $ 3.00 per volume. Now in its eighth volume. North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America* including Greenland, the West Indies and Central America. Planned to be completed in 32 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each volume to consist of four or more parts* Subscription price, £ 1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for £ 2.00 each. [ Not offered in exchange.] Vol. 3, part I, 1910. Nectriaceae— himetariaceae. Vol. 7, part I, 1906; part 2, 1907 ; part 3, 1912. Usnlaginaceae— Aecidiacete Vol. 9, parts 1 and 2, 1907; part 3, 1910. Polyporaceae— Agaricaceae ( p « *). ( Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold separately.) Vol. 10, part 1, 1914. Agaricaceae ( pars). Vol. 15, parts 1 and 2, 1913. Sphagnaceae— Leucobryaceae. Vol. 16, part I, 1909. Ophioglossaceae— Cyatheaceae ( pars). Vol. 17, part j , 1909 ; part 2, 1912. Typhaceae— Poaceae ( pars). Vol. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913. Podostemona-ceae— Rosaceae ( pars). Vol, 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae— Burseraceae. Vol. 29, part 1, 1914. Clethraceae— Ericaceae. Memolra of the New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the Garden, $ 1.00 per volume. To others, $ 2.00. [ Not offered in exchange.] Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900. Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Development, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi - j- 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1903. Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischerville, New York, by Arthur Hollick and Edward Charles Jeffrey, viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 19C9. Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays oi Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. viii - f- 278 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908. Contributions from the New Tork Botanical Garden. A series of technical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $ 5.00 per volume. In its seventh volume. RECENT NUMBERS 25 CENTS EACH 167. The Identity of the Anthracnose of Grasses in the United States, by Guy West Wilson. 168. Phytogeographical Notes on the Rocky Mountain Region— II. Origin of the Alpine Flora, by P. A. Rydberg. 169. Some Midwinter Algae of Long Island Sound, by Marshall A. Howe. 170. Notes on Rosaceae— VII, by P. A. Rydberg. NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK, NaW YORK OffY
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Contributor | New York Botanical Garden |
Date | 1914-09 |
Description-Table Of Contents | The John Innes Kane Fund; Poison Ivy; Fossil Wood from the Petrified Forest of Arizona; Autumn Lectures, 1914; Convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents; Notes, News and Comment; Accessions. |
Format | application/pdf |
Format-Extent | 51 v. : ill. ; 25 cm |
Identifier | 0885-4165 |
Language | eng |
Publisher | Bronx : New York Botanical Garden, 1900-1950 |
Relation-Is Part Of | Journal of the New York Botanical Garden : v. 1, no. 1-v. 51, no. 612 |
Relation-IsVersionOfURI | http://opac.nybg.org/record=b1104879 |
Rights | http://www.nybg.org/library/ |
Subject | Plants--Periodicals; Gardening--Periodicals; Plants, Cultivated--Periodicals; New York Botanical Garden--Periodicals. |
Title | Journal of the New York Botanical Garden |
Volume, Number | Vol. 15, no. 177 |
Type | text |
Transcript | Vol. XV SEPTEMBER, 1914 No. 177 JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR ARLOW BURDETTE STOUT Director of the Laboratories CONTENTS PAGB The John Innes Kane Fund 175 Poison Ivy i76 Fossil Wood from the Petrified Forest of Arizona 181 Antumn Lectures, 19: 4 182 Convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents 183 Notes, News and Comment 185 accessions 188 PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN A T 41 NORTH QUEEN STREET, LANCASTER, PA. T H E N EW ERA PRIWTTNG COMPANY O K F I O E R S 191- 4 PRESIDENT— W. GILMAN THOMPSON , , D CANDREW CARNEGIE VICE RESIDENTS J F R A N C I S LYNDE STETSON TREASURER— JAMES A. SCRYMSER SECRETARY— N. L. BRITTON B O A R D O K M A N A G E R S 1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January. 1910 N. L. BRITTON W. J. MATHESON ANDREW CARNEGIE W. GILMAN THOMPSON LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS Terra expire* January, 1916 THOMAS H. HUBBARD FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON uEORGE W. PERKINS MYLES TIERNEY LOUIS C. TIFFANY Term expires January. 1917 EDWARD D. ADAMS JAMES A. SCRYMSER ROBERT W. DE FOREST HENRY W. DE FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM Z. EX- OFFICIO MANAGERS THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK HON. JOHN PURROY MITCHEL THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS HON. GEORGE CABOT WARD 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS PROF. H. H. RUSBY, Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER PROF. R. A. HARPER THOMAS W. CHURCHILL . PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE G A R D E N S T A K J* DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director- in- Chief ( Development, Administration) DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Director ( Administration) DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums ( Flowering Plants) DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator ( Flowering Plants) DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator ( Flowerless Plants) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator ( Flowerless Plants) ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener DR A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboratories DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer SARAH H. HARLOW, Librarian DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plants DR. WILLIAM J. GIES, Consulting Chemist COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Museum Custodian JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds ^ InPi s& ^ \ M j k - ii • VAt %:. ,' JEP I t * V sM3Bir'aSiiJ PfV afBBftt WsslfBJjIijL— J W W B ^ ^ S M B ^ !% i — at ma , ff— rTiiimf aar — - if/ £ f e 1 IP p'flSIS/ iffJrTll t* • aanflaOiStliSstllm F '"' / HS ^ JH - i f * s$ 5' • / **'' Y# | : ; r ^ ^ W i n II tir ul , 1 1 SaB| Kf^ H M>~ W ' l % 1 '* H £ J2i JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden VOL. XV September, 19.4 No. 177 THE JOHN INNES KANE FUND Mr. John Innes Kane served as a member of the Board of Managers of the Garden from 1896 until his death in 1913. He was Chairman of the Membership Committee during this period and for many years was a member of the Executive Committee. His interest in botanical science and in the development of the New York Botanical Garden was great, and his untimely death was deeply deplored. The following letter was received from Mrs. Kane in December, 1913: 1 WEST 49TH STREET, December 17, 1913. DR. N. L. BRITTON, Secretary, New York Botanical Garden. My dear Dr. Britton: . If it will be agreeable to the Managers of the Garden, I shall be glad to establish a memorial to my late husband, John Innes Kane, remembering his interest at all times in the Garden. I shall be prepared to send to the Managers a cheque for ten thousand dollars upon learning that such purpose is approved by them. I should wish the fund to be called " The John Innes Kane Fund," to be held and invested and the income applied to the purchase of living plants for the grounds and greenhouses. Please present the subject in the proper quarter, and inform me. Yours faithfully, ( Signed) ANNIE C. KANE. [ Journal for August ( 15: 153- 174) was issued August 25, 1914] 175 176 At a meeting of the Board of Managers held December 18, 1913, the following resolution was adopted: Resolved: That the Board of Managers of the New York Botanical Garden gratefully, and with high appreciation, accepts the gift of Ten Thousand Dollars by Mrs. John Innes Kane as a memorial of her late husband, for many years a member of this Board, in accordance with the terms of her letter of December 17, 1913, addressed to Dr. N. L. Britton, Secretary, the income of the " John Innes Kane Fund" to be applied to the purchase of living plants for the grounds and greenhouses. This foundation is the first which has been established at the Garden for the specified purpose of increasing the collections of living plants, and it will be of great service, both by supplying specimens for scientific investigation and for decorative plantations. A portion of the income of the " John Innes Kane Fund" for 1914 was used in the spring for the purchase of ericaceous evergreens for planting the semicircular plot 120 feet long, averaging 15 feet wide, in front of the lower marble basin of the bronze fountain immediately in front of the museum building, hitherto maintained as lawn. The background of this fountain had previously been planted with arbor vitae, Chamaecyparis and other conifers. The plants purchased and installed this spring include 150 specimens of low rhododendrons of six different kinds, occupying the two ends of the strip, the middle portion being occupied by two species of Pieris, Azalea amoena Hinodegri and Leucothoe Catesbaei. A photograph of the museum front showing the fountain and the new plantation is reproduced herewith. N. L. BRITTON. POISON IVY ( WITH PLATES CXXXVII, CXXXVIII, CXXXIX, AND CXL) Poison ivy, Rhus radicans, is one of the most widely distributed of the plants that occur in the eastern United States. No matter 177 where you go, from the peaks of the Catskill Mountains to the shores of the oceans, you will find poison ivy. Every year it becomes more widely distributed. This is due to its effective method of propagation, to its hardiness, and to its attractiveness. The seeds of poison ivy will develop under almost all conditions. Like many other seeds, they are not harmed by the cold of winter, so that when weather conditions are favorable, the mature plant develops. Poison ivy will adapt itself to many varying conditions, and its habits of growth under varying conditions are as variable as the conditions. It is without doubt one of our most attractive plants. Because of its beauty it is frequently allowed to grow beside old fences and unsightly hedges, which are completely covered by its luxuriant growth. Poison ivy, depending on the conditions, grows as a trailing vine ( Plate CXXXVII); a climbing vine ( Plate CXXXVIII); or as a shrub ( Plate CXXIX). The trailing form is met with most frequently on the borders of woods, in meadows, and in open places between trees. Under these conditions the main stem trails along the ground, rooting at the joints and developing numerous aerial branches. When the trailing form comes in contact with a fence or shrub, it becomes climbing. But instead of developing roots which function as absorbing organs it develops thousands of small roots which function as hold- fast organs. By means of these roois it is able to climb the perpendicular face of a cliff or a tree trunk. From this vertical vine- like stem, numerous lateral branches develop, some of which become attached to the tree, while others remain free. In some instances the horizontal branches grow to such a length that they resemble the branches of a tree and if the growth of the poison ivy is sufficiently vigorous it may completely overshadow the branches of the tree. The shrub form of poison ivy is usually found growing in open exposed places. When undisturbed, it grows to the size of a small tree with good sized branches. The trunk is often free from branches for several feet from the ground. The spring foliage which develops annually on all forms is of an attractive reddish- purple color. This color is gradually replaced by the chlorophyll green of the mature leaf. 178 The leaves of poison ivy are three- foliate. The two lateral leaflets are nearly sessile and somewhat egg- shaped. The margin of the leaf varies from entire to strongly notched on the side parallel to the stem. The terminal leaflet has a short stalk and prominently marked apex. All the leaflets are of a bright shining green color above, and slightly paler beneath. These leaves begin to change color in August. At first the green of the upper surface becomes marked between the green veins with copper-colored splashes. Gradually che color changes to dark crimson and spreads to the veins which now have become yellow, so that the leaf is marked at this period by broad bands of dark crimson and narrow bands of yellow. Finally the leaf becomes a uniform color, the color varying from pink to red and to brown. It is the brightly colored forms of poison ivy that are most prized for bouquets by those unfamiliar with its nature. Only last fall while crossing the Fort Lee Ferry, a man who sat beside me asked me if I could tell him the name of the bright red leaves surrounding a bouquet of asters. " My two little children are asking me to tell them the names of the plants that I take them from my walks," said he. When I told him that they were poison ivy leaves, he seemed very grateful for the information. The flowers, which occur in panicles and which are green in color, are small and inconspicuous. The individual flowers have a four to six- parted calyx. The petals are greenish- white and spreading. The flowers have five stamens, a solitary pistil, one ovule, and a three- parted style. The fruit is small, rounded and greenish- white in color. After the first frost the leaves begin to fall. In a short time the branches are entirely bare. During this, the winter stage of the plant, the stems appear dark gray. The thousands of hold- fasts on the climbing form, which are now readily seen, appear like tufts of brownish black hairs. During the late fall, winter, and early spring many people are poisoned by coming in contact with the stem and berries. Poison ivy is often mistaken for Virginia creeper, Parthenocissus guinquefolia, a plant which is frequently found growing with poison ivy. The leaves of the former ( Plate C X L ) are five- JOURNAL O? THE N E W YOR- C BOTAX. CAL GARDEN CXXXVIII Poison Ivy, climbing form. JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Poison Ivy, shrub form, growing at CroDks' Point, Staten Island. 179 parted instead of three- foliate as in those of the poison ivy. The three upper leaflets are usually larger than the two lower ones. The margin of the leaflets are coarsely toothed to or below the middle. The veins are more prominent on the under side of the leaf. In early fall the leaves of Virginia creeper change from a dark green to a bright scarlet color. The bright color pf the leaves together with the clusters of dark blue berries makes this plant much sought after in decorative planting. Poison ivy, or poison oak, as it is known commercially, poisons more people in this section of the country than any other plant. The result of the poisoning seldom proves fatal, yet the person affected suffers greatly from the intense irritation and swelling of the tissues and skin, which irritation is caused by the poisonous fatty or resinous constituent of the plant. To people susceptible to its effects, it acts as an irritant or caustic poison. Some people are so susceptible to its effects that a few pollen grains falling on the skin will produce poisoning; while with others, direct contact with the leaves of the plant is necessary to produce irritation. The first effect of poisoning by ivy is a mild irritation of the skin, which the sufferer instinctively rubs, unless he suspects the source of the irritation. Even then, some people do not refrain from scratching the skin. The result is that the outer skin is broken or removed. This gives the poison access to the inner and more sensitive tissues. The secondary effect of this poisoning is reddening of the skin. This is followed by the blister stage. These blisters are caused by the infiltration of water between the outer and inner layers of the skin. If these blisters are perforated and the water allowed to run on an unaffected part, that part in due time develops symptoms of poisoning. In fact, a brisk rubbing of the surface affected during any stage of infection and a subsequent touching of an unaffected part will cause the poison to take effect. The effect of poison ivy on the skin can be effectively counteracted during any of its stages by rubbing the parts well with a paste of bicarbonate of soda and finally leaving on the affected part a layer of this pasty mass, frequently moistening it as the water evaporates. 180 Another method is to wash the part suspected of ivy poisoning with strong grain alcohol. The fatty or resinous nature of the poisonous substance of this plant is saponified when treated with an alkali, which of course changes its chemical composition, thus rendering it harmless. While the alcohol treatment is based on the fact that the alcohol dissolves the fat which is thus removed from the surface of the skin, the alcohol treatment proves efficacious only during the first stage of poisoning. Thousands of people are poisoned every year by poison ivy, much to their discomfiture, both from a physical and a financial standpoint. A large manufacturing concern in the city only recently asked me to arrange an exhibit of poison ivy for their employees. Their attending physician informed me that each year numbers of the men are affected with poison ivy. In fact, cases of poisoning have been so common during the past year that the company decided to teach their men to identify the plant, and to apply the proper method of treatment in case of poisoning. For several years past efforts have been made to exterminate poison ivy in the New York Botanical Garden, especially in the vicinity of the main paths. Workmen, who are not susceptible to the poison of the plant, root out and destroy the plants, which is the only effective method of eradication. It is necessary to go over the same areas year after year to dig out any plants that may spring up from roots that remained in the soil or from seed. After the first thorough uprooting the work for successive years is much less and in a few years the eradication is complete. Is it not time that steps be taken to rid the country of this pest? We can at least make a beginning by having exhibition beds of poison ivy in all our public parks. In making such an exhibit it will not be necessary to search beyond the park limits for these plants. In all the parks of the city there are thousands of plants of poison ivy. Why not rid our parks of these plants, push the campaign of extermination to the state, and finally to the whole country? Poison ivy has become a menace to public health. For that reason every person should be familiar with it. WILLIAM MANSFIELD. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. JOURNAL OF THE N E W YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Leaf of Poison Ivy ( Rhus radicans) in lower part of plate. In upper part of plate aleaf of Virginia creeper ( Parthenocissus quinquefolia) sometimes mistaken for Poison Ivy. 181 FOSSIL WOOD FROM THE PETRIFIED FOREST OF ARIZONA The Museum has recently acquired, through the kindness of Mrs. John I. Kane, two fine specimens of fossil wood, from the so- called " Petrified Forest," near Adamana, Arizona. The specimens consist of complete cross sections of a tree trunk about thirteen inches in diameter, one of which is polished so that the mineralization and what remains of the original structural characters of the wood are clearly shown. The region which includes the most interesting features of the forest is embraced in the Petrified Forest National Monument, a reservation created by proclamation of President Roosevelt, on June 8, 1906. The original reservation was, however, deemed to be more extensive than necessary and was reduced in 1911 to its present area of forty and one half square miles. Under the conditions which now obtain specimens of the fossil wood may not be taken away by collectors as was formerly freely done, and the Garden is, therefore, to be congratulated on having secured these two specimens, especially the polished one, which was sent to England by Tiffany and Company, in order that the work of polishing could be satisfactorily done. The particular form of fossilization exemplified in the wood from this region is what is known as silification. or the replacement of the woody tissue by silica in one or more of its various forms, chalcedony, jasper, quartz crystals, etc. Of course every intelligent person now knows that fossil wood of all kinds represents what was formerly the wood of living trees; but it may be interesting to note that this fact was a subject of controversy and discussion until the beginning of the last century, and that all of the older writers on natural history who had occasion to study such material had either very vague or entirely erroneous ideas in regard to its true nature and origin. In Gerard's " Herbal," published in 1597, for example, may be found these words in connection with his discussion of a fossil tree stump: " Among the wonders of England this is one of great admiration, and contrary unto man's reason and capacitie, that there should bee a kinde of Wood alterable into the hardnesse of a stone called 182 Stonie Wood, or rather a kinde of water, which hardeneth wood and other things into the nature and matter of stones." Fossil wood and fossils in general were, for the most part, regarded as freaks of nature; but in 1693 John Ray, in his " Physico- Theological Discourses," expresses grave doubt that Nature should engage in useless and wanton ornamentation of rocks and stones, such as he observed in connection with fossil shells and other animal remains; " Yet," he finally observes, " I must not dissemble, that there is a Phenomenon in Nature, which doth somewhat puzzle me to reconcile with the prudence observable in all its works; and seems strongly to prove, that Nature doth sometimes ludere, and delineate Figures, for no other end but for the Ornamentation of some stones, to entertain and gratifie our Curiosity, or exercise our Wits. That is, those elegant Impressions of the Leaves of Plants upon Cole- Slate." ARTHUR HOLLICK. AUTUMN LECTURES, 1914 Lectures will be delivered in the Lecture Hall of the Museum Building of the Garden, Bronx Park, on Saturday afternoons, at four o'clock, as follows: Oct. 3. " The Economic Importance of Fungi," by Dr. F. J. Seaver. Oct. 10. " Carnivorous Plants," by Dr. J. H. Barnhart. Oct. 17. " The Flora of New York and Vicinity," by Mr. Norman Taylor. Oct. 24. " The Production and Utilization of Plant Hybrids," by Dr. A. B. Stout. Oct. 31. " Botanical Travels in Europe," by Dr. W. A. Murrill. Nov. 7. " A Botanist in India and Java," by Dr. C. F. Millspaugh. Nov. 14. " The Influence of Radium on the Production of Field Crops," by Dr. H. H. Rusby. The lectures, which occupy an hour, will be illustrated by lantern slides and otherwise. Doors closed at 4: 00; late comers admitted at 4: 15. 183 The Museum Building is reached by the Harlem Division of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad to Botanical Garden Station, by trolley cars to Bedford Park, or by the Third Avenue Elevated Railway to Botanical Garden, Bronx Park. Visitors coming by the Subway change to the Elevated Railway at 149th Street and Third Avenue. Those coming by the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway change at 180th Street for crosstown trolley, transferring north at Third Avenue. CONVENTION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PARK SUPERINTENDENTS The sixteenth annual Convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents was held at Newburgh, New York, and New York City, August 24 to 27 inclusive. It was one of the most successful conventions in the history of the association, the attendance being large, with representatives from many parts of the United States and Canada. The membership registration was seventy- two, which, with the guests, made a total attendance of about one hundred and fifty. The headquarters at Newburgh were at the Palatine Hotel, in New York City at the Hotel Astor. The opening meeting was held in the Y. M. C. A. building at Newburgh, the mayor making an address of welcome, followed by an address by Park Commissioner Belknap. President Richards responded for the Association. An interesting paper on the life and work of Andrew Jackson Downing, the father of landscape gardening in America, was read by Professor F. A. Waugh, of Amherst, Mass. This was followed by a paper on " The Preservation of Natural Woodlands L'nder Park Conditions," by Mr. Ogelsby Paul, landscape gardener at Fairmount Park, Philadelphia. On account of illness, Mr. Paul was unable to be present, so the paper was read by Mr. H. W. Merkel. Tuesday was a day of sightseeing, with an early trip across the Hudson to Mount Beacon, famous in Revolutionary times. From this high point a magnificent view of the Hudson and its valley was obtained. The remainder of the day was occupied in 184 visiting, by aid of automobiles, the many places of interest in Newburgh, including its parks, private gardens, and the home of Downing. The Association was entertained at luncheon by Mrs. E. H. Harriman at Tuxedo Inn, in Tuxedo Park, twenty-five miles distant, to which we were rapidly driven by automobiles. In the evening a reception was tendered to the Association by the citizens of Newburgh at the Coldwell Lawn Mower Plant. On Wednesday the Association was the guest of the Hon. George W. Perkins, president of the Interstate Park Commission. As his guests we were taken down the Hudson in a specially chartered steamer, the " Albion." A stop of an hour was made at West Point. At Bear Mountain a stop was made for luncheon as the guests of Mr. Perkins. After luncheon Mr. Perkins made an address in which he described the work which had already been done in the establishing of this vast park and his hopes for its future development. He is much interested in this work and is giving much of his time to promoting it. At three, the party embarked and proceeded down the river. Thursday was devoted to an inspection of the parks and gardens of New York City. After addresses of welcome at the Hotel Astor by city officials, the party proceeded in automobiles furnished by the City of New York and the Fifth Avenue Stage Company. Central Park, Riverside Drive and Van Cortlandt Park were visited. The party was met at the Mosholu Bridge by an automobile bearing the flag of the New York Botanical Garden, which led the procession of cars through the grounds of the Garden. They left the cars at the west end of the Long Bridge, where they proceeded on foot through the Hemlock Forest and the Economic Garden. Again entering the autos, after a short drive through the southern end of the grounds, they proceeded to the New York Zoological Park, where they were entertained at luncheon by that institution. The remainder of the afternoon was spent in a drive through the streets of New York and through Central Park, crossing into Brooklyn over the Brooklyn Bridge, where some of the parks were visited, and terminating the day and the convention at Coney Island. GEORGE V. NASH. 185 NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT The Horticultural Society of New York, in cooperation with the Garden, gave a Gladiolus Exhibition in the Museum on Saturday and Sunday, August 15 and 16. There was a large display of gladioli. Mr. T. A. Havemeyer made his usual extensive exhibit of superb blooms of this popular flower. The collection shown by Mr. T. A. Havemeyer of fifty- seven kinds, secured the first prize for the largest and best collection. A second prize went to Mr. John Lewis Childs for a collection of forty- six kinds. Mr. Childs also secured the first prize for a collection of twelve varieties, three spikes of each; and likewise first prize for a vase of twenty- five white with " Snow King," and second for a vase of twenty- five pink with " Fascinator," the first prize for this class going to Mrs. DeLancey Kane of New Rochelle with a vase of " America." These prizes were in the open- to- all classes. Mr. Havemeyer was also a winner in the non- commercial classes, securing first prize for the best six kinds, two spikes of each; and also first prize for the best vase of white, six spikes, with " Zephelin," and for the best vase of pink with " Panama." A special cash prize was awarded to Mrs. F. A. Constable for a vase of Helianthus rigidus Miss Willmott. The Garden made exhibits of the flowers, not for competition, of thirty- three kinds of shrubs and of nineteen kinds of herbaceous plants. A collection of shrubs in fruit, including sixty kinds, was also made and attracted much attention. A collection of orchid plants was also shown. The report of the Bronx Parkway Commission for 1914, recently received, records great activity during the year past, including the purchase of 392 parcels of real estate, the reclamation of considerable areas within the Parkway, the cutting out of over 1,300 dead trees, and the pruning of over 6,000 with tree surgery to over 1,600, the planting of 5,000 shrubs and saplings, and the planting of 20,000 cuttings in the nursery. The report also gives the history of the project, the commission 186 having been appointed in 1907, and the first appropriation of $ 35,000 having been made in July, 1911. It will be remembered that this parkway will extend from the northeastern boundary of the Garden at Williamsbridge northward along both sides of the Bronx River to Valhalla, a length of about fifteen and one half miles, and will protect the Bronx River from pollution. Several members of the Bedford Garden Club visited the Garden on Saturday, August 15, and remained to the flower show and lecture. This club was organized about two years ago and has a membership of one hundred women who own, plan, and work in their gardens. It meets twice a month during the summer co hear papers written by the members or lectures by professional speakers on gardening topics and discussions of garden problems. A public flower show is held once a year, and various excursions are made to interesting gardens in other localities, Among the members who visited the Garden, were Mrs. Henry Marquand, Mrs. Henry C. Hopkins, Mrs. Merrill E. Gates, Mrs. Nelson B. Williams, secretary of the club, and Miss Delia W. Marble, vice- president. Dr. Florence A. McCormick, assistant professor of agricultural botany in the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, presented the results of two months' research work at the Garden at an informal conference held on the afternoon of August 12, which was attended by fifteen local botanists interested in cytological subjects. A few years ago, Dr. McCormick discovered a " central body" in the zygospore of the ordinary black mould of bread, and her object this summer has been to trace the history of this body and to determine its function in the zygospore. A large amount of culture work and sectioning has been necessary in the prosecution of this difficult piece of research, and many of the preparations made have not yet been studied. Dr. Johan Nordal Fischer Wille, professor of botany and director of the Botanical Garden of the University of Christiania, 187 Norway, spent two weeks of September at the New York Botanical Garden. Professor Wille is well known to American botanists, especially by his studies of the green algae. Among his papers in this field is the treatment of the Chlorophyceae in Engler & Prantl's " Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien." Professor Wille is one of the foreign delegates to the celebration of the twenty- fifth anniversary of the organization of the board of trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden to be held at St. Louis on October 15 and 16. At the request of E. H. Anderson, Director of the New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, 45 sets of the essays by Mrs. Britton on " Wild Plants Needing Protection" which are illustrated with colored plates by the aid of the fund for the Preservation of Native Plants given by Miss Maria and Olivia Phelps Stokes, have been sent for distribution to the branches of the library in various parts of the city. Mr. J. R. Johnston, who has made extensive investigations of cocoanut and sugarcane diseases in tropical America, spent August 10 to 12 at the Garden consulting the herbarium and library. He has resigned his position with the Porto Rico Sugar Growers' Association at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, to accept the position of plant pathologist in the agricultural experiment station at Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. Miss Laura M. Bragg, Curator of Books and Public Instruction, Charleston Museum, Charleston, South Carolina, spent several days at the Garden about the middle of August, looking up records of South Carolina plants in the herbarium. Dr. Adolf J. A. Fredholm, professor of agronomy, College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Mayaguez, Porto Rico, visited the Garden in August. Meteorology for August.— The record of the rainfall at the Garden for August 11 was lost. The record at the municipal building at Tremont Avenue for that date was 0.90 im h. In- 188 eluding this figure the total precipitation for the month was 2.03 inches. Maximum temperatures for each week were 87.50 on the i s t / 9 1 0 on the 9th, 970 on the 19th, and 89.50 on the 24th. Minimum temperatures were 6o° on the 7th, 55.50 on the 14th, 590 on the 18th, and 55.50 on the 26th. ACCESSIONS MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM 2 specimens of fungi frojn New York. ( By exchange with Mr. Stewart H. Burnham.) 1 specimen of woody fungus from British Columbia. ( By exchange with Professor T. C. Frye.) 1 specimen of woody fungus from Florida. ( By exchange with Dr. Roland M. Harper.) 55 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico. ( By exchange with the University of Porto Rico.) 71 specimens of fungi from California. ( By exchange with Professor W. A. Setchell.) 1 specimen of Thelephora pedicellata from Texas. ( By exchange with Professor Frederick H. Blodgett.) 770 specimens of fungi from southern Europe. ( Collected by Rev. G. Bresa-dola.) 1 specimen of Lentinus Ravenelii from Orient, Long Island. ( By exchange with Mr. Roy Latham.) 1 specimen of Exobasidium from New York. ( By exchange with Miss Delia W. Marble.) 36 specimens of fungi from Austin, Texas. ( By exchange with Dr. Frederick McAllister.) 1 specimen of fleshy fungus from Wisconsin. ( By exchange with Dr. Lewis Sherman.) 1 specimen of Clitocybe multtceps from Rochester, New York. ( By exchange with Mr. William E. Abbs.) 8 specimens of woody fungi from Ontario, Canada. ( By exchange with Mr. J. H. Faull.) 1 specimen of fleshy fungus from Orient, Long Island. ( By exchange with Mr. Roy Latham.) 1 specimen of woody fungus from Westchester County, New York. ( By exchange with Miss Delia W. Marble.) 68 specimens of mosses from the Philippine Islands. ( Collected by Dr. A. D. E. Elmer.) 12 specimens of mosses from Canada. ( By exchange with Mr. John M. Macoun.) 189 i specimen of Octoblepharum albidum from Tobago, West Indies. ( Given by Mr. W. E. Bioadway.) 5 specimens of lichens from Wyoming. ( By exchange with Professor Aven Nelson.) 2 specimens of hepatics from Wyoming. ( By exchange with Professor Aven Nelson.) 8 specimens of mosses from New Zealand. ( Given by Professor Edward B. Chamberlain.) 3 specimens of mosses from California. ( By exchange with Profes? or Ir£ nee Theriot.) 6 specimens of mosses from Arizona. ( By exchange with Professor L. N. Goodding.) PLANTS AND SEEDS 2 cacti from Cuba. ( Collected by Bro. Leon.) 5 plants for conservatories, from Bermuda. ( Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.) 5 plants of Populus deltoides. ( Given by Mrs. N. F. Flynn.) 2 plants for nursery. ( Given by Mr. E. C. Wurzlow.) 22 plants for fountain. ( Purchased.) 2 plants for nursery. ( Given by Miss Juliet Turner.) 3 rose plants. ( Purchased.) 2 plants of Ophioglossum vulgalum. ( Collected by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 3 plants of Dudleya Parishii. ( By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus.* through Dr. Rose.) 12 plants of Azalea mollis Hollandea. ( Purchased.) 17 plants for conservatories, from Panama. ( Collected by Dr. J. N. Rose.) 1 Cattleya from Brazil. ( Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.) 1 plant, Cynometra portoricensis, from Porto Rico. ( Collected by H. C. Cowles.) 37 cacti, from Nevada. ( Collected by Dr. D. T. MacDougal.) 1 plant, Opuntia Opuntia. ( Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.) 10 plants of Peramium pubescens. ( Collected by Mr. Percy Wilson, at Scarsdale, N. Y.) 1083 plants. ( Derived from seed of various sources.) 1 pkt. seed of Chamaedorea Pacaya. ( By exchange with Bureau Plant Industry.) 146 plants from Panama. ( Collected by Mr. A. J. Corbett.) 1 plant Hariota villigera. ( Given by Mr. Leonard Barron.) flDembers of tbe Corporation FlITZ AcHELIS EDWARD D. ADAMS CHARLES B. ALEXANDER JOHN D. ARCHBOLD, GEORCE F. BAKER EUGENE P. BICKNELL GEORGE S. BOWDOIN PROF. N. L. BUTTON PROF. EDW. S. BURGESS DR. NICHOLAS M. BUTLER ANDREW CARNEGIE PROF. C. F. CHANDLER WILLIAM G. CHOATI THOMAS W. CHURCHILL E. C. CONVERSE PAUL D. CRAVATH HENRY W. DE FOREST RORERT W. DE FOREST CLEVELAND H. DODGE A. F. ESTABROOX H. C FAHNESTOCK SAMUEL W. FAIRCHILD GEORGE W. FOLSOM JAMES B. FORD HENRY C FRICK PROF. W. J. GIES J. HORACE HARDING EDWARD S. HARKNESS PROE. R. A. HARPER T. A. HAVEMEYER A. HECKSCHER HENRY R. HOYT THOS H. HUIEARD ADRIAN ISELIN, JR. WALTER B. JENNINGS PROF. JAMES F. KEMP EDW. V. Z. LANE PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE HON. SETH LOW DAVID LYDIG EDGAR L. MARSTON W. J. MATHESON DR. WM. H. MAXWELL EMERSON MCMILLIN OGDEN MILLS J. PIERPONT MOSGAN THEODORE W. MYERS FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD PROF. HENRY F. OSBORN LOWELL M. PALMER GEORGE W. PERKINS HENRY PHIPFS JAMES R. PITCHER M. F. PLANT EDWIN A. RICHARD JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER PROF. H. H. RUSBY DR. REGINALD H. SAYRE JACOB H. SCHIFF MORTIMER L. SCHIFF JAMES A. SCRYMSER ISAAC N. SELIGMAN ALBERT R. SHATTUCK HENRY A. SIEBRECHT WILLIAM D. SLOANE NELSON SMITH VALENTINE P. SNYDER JAMES SPEYER FRANCIS L. STETSON CHARLES G. THOMPSON DR. W. GILMAN THOMPSON SAMUEL THORNE MYLES TIERNEY LOUIS C TIFFANY GZOEGE W. VANDERBILT W. K. VANDERBILT P U B L I C A T I O N S The New York Botanical Garden Journal of tho New Tork Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, containing notes, news, and non- technical articles of general interest. Free to all members of the Garden. To others, io cents a copy; jSi. oo a year. [ Not offered in exchange.] Now in its fifteenth volume. Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and otherwise; devoted to fungi; including lichens; containing technical articles and news and notes of general interest, and an index to current American mycological literature. $ 3.00 a year; single copies not for sale. [ Not offered in exchange.] Now in its sixth volume. Bulletin of the New Tork Botanical Garden, containing the annual repo. ts of the Director- in- Chief and other official documents, and technical articles embodying results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all members of the Garden ; to others, $ 3.00 per volume. Now in its eighth volume. North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America* including Greenland, the West Indies and Central America. Planned to be completed in 32 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each volume to consist of four or more parts* Subscription price, £ 1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold for £ 2.00 each. [ Not offered in exchange.] Vol. 3, part I, 1910. Nectriaceae— himetariaceae. Vol. 7, part I, 1906; part 2, 1907 ; part 3, 1912. Usnlaginaceae— Aecidiacete Vol. 9, parts 1 and 2, 1907; part 3, 1910. Polyporaceae— Agaricaceae ( p « *). ( Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold separately.) Vol. 10, part 1, 1914. Agaricaceae ( pars). Vol. 15, parts 1 and 2, 1913. Sphagnaceae— Leucobryaceae. Vol. 16, part I, 1909. Ophioglossaceae— Cyatheaceae ( pars). Vol. 17, part j , 1909 ; part 2, 1912. Typhaceae— Poaceae ( pars). Vol. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913. Podostemona-ceae— Rosaceae ( pars). Vol, 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae— Burseraceae. Vol. 29, part 1, 1914. Clethraceae— Ericaceae. Memolra of the New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the Garden, $ 1.00 per volume. To others, $ 2.00. [ Not offered in exchange.] Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900. Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Development, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi - j- 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1903. Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischerville, New York, by Arthur Hollick and Edward Charles Jeffrey, viii + 138 pp., with 29 plates. 19C9. Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays oi Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager. viii - f- 278 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908. Contributions from the New Tork Botanical Garden. A series of technical papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $ 5.00 per volume. In its seventh volume. RECENT NUMBERS 25 CENTS EACH 167. The Identity of the Anthracnose of Grasses in the United States, by Guy West Wilson. 168. Phytogeographical Notes on the Rocky Mountain Region— II. Origin of the Alpine Flora, by P. A. Rydberg. 169. Some Midwinter Algae of Long Island Sound, by Marshall A. Howe. 170. Notes on Rosaceae— VII, by P. A. Rydberg. NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK, NaW YORK OffY |
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