Journal of the New York Botanical Garden

              Vol. XV SEPTEMBER, 1914 No. 177
JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
ARLOW BURDETTE STOUT
Director of the Laboratories
CONTENTS
PAGB
The John Innes Kane Fund 175
Poison Ivy i76
Fossil Wood from the Petrified Forest of Arizona 181
Antumn Lectures, 19: 4 182
Convention of the American Association of Park Superintendents 183
Notes, News and Comment 185
accessions 188
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
A T 41 NORTH QUEEN STREET, LANCASTER, PA.
T H E N EW ERA PRIWTTNG COMPANY
O K F I O E R S 191- 4
PRESIDENT— W. GILMAN THOMPSON
, , D CANDREW CARNEGIE
VICE RESIDENTS J F R A N C I S LYNDE STETSON
TREASURER— JAMES A. SCRYMSER
SECRETARY— N. L. BRITTON
B O A R D O K M A N A G E R S
1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January. 1910
N. L. BRITTON W. J. MATHESON
ANDREW CARNEGIE W. GILMAN THOMPSON
LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS
Terra expire* January, 1916
THOMAS H. HUBBARD FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON
uEORGE W. PERKINS MYLES TIERNEY
LOUIS C. TIFFANY
Term expires January. 1917
EDWARD D. ADAMS JAMES A. SCRYMSER
ROBERT W. DE FOREST HENRY W. DE FOREST
J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM
Z. EX- OFFICIO MANAGERS
THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
HON. JOHN PURROY MITCHEL
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. GEORGE CABOT WARD
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. H. H. RUSBY, Chairman
EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER PROF. R. A. HARPER
THOMAS W. CHURCHILL . PROF. JAMES F. KEMP
PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE
G A R D E N S T A K J*
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director- in- Chief ( Development, Administration)
DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Director ( Administration)
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums ( Flowering Plants)
DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator ( Flowering Plants)
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator ( Flowerless Plants)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator ( Flowerless Plants)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant
PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener
DR A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboratories
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer
SARAH H. HARLOW, Librarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Honorary Curator of Fossil Plants
DR. WILLIAM J. GIES, Consulting Chemist
COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Museum Custodian
JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds
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JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden
VOL. XV September, 19.4 No. 177
THE JOHN INNES KANE FUND
Mr. John Innes Kane served as a member of the Board of
Managers of the Garden from 1896 until his death in 1913. He
was Chairman of the Membership Committee during this period
and for many years was a member of the Executive Committee.
His interest in botanical science and in the development of the
New York Botanical Garden was great, and his untimely death
was deeply deplored.
The following letter was received from Mrs. Kane in December,
1913:
1 WEST 49TH STREET,
December 17, 1913.
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Secretary,
New York Botanical Garden.
My dear Dr. Britton:
. If it will be agreeable to the Managers of the Garden, I shall
be glad to establish a memorial to my late husband, John Innes
Kane, remembering his interest at all times in the Garden.
I shall be prepared to send to the Managers a cheque for ten
thousand dollars upon learning that such purpose is approved
by them.
I should wish the fund to be called " The John Innes Kane
Fund," to be held and invested and the income applied to the
purchase of living plants for the grounds and greenhouses.
Please present the subject in the proper quarter, and inform me.
Yours faithfully,
( Signed) ANNIE C. KANE.
[ Journal for August ( 15: 153- 174) was issued August 25, 1914]
175
176
At a meeting of the Board of Managers held December 18,
1913, the following resolution was adopted:
Resolved: That the Board of Managers of the New York
Botanical Garden gratefully, and with high appreciation, accepts
the gift of Ten Thousand Dollars by Mrs. John Innes Kane as a
memorial of her late husband, for many years a member of this
Board, in accordance with the terms of her letter of December 17,
1913, addressed to Dr. N. L. Britton, Secretary, the income of
the " John Innes Kane Fund" to be applied to the purchase of
living plants for the grounds and greenhouses.
This foundation is the first which has been established at the
Garden for the specified purpose of increasing the collections of
living plants, and it will be of great service, both by supplying
specimens for scientific investigation and for decorative planta­tions.
A portion of the income of the " John Innes Kane Fund" for
1914 was used in the spring for the purchase of ericaceous
evergreens for planting the semicircular plot 120 feet long,
averaging 15 feet wide, in front of the lower marble basin of
the bronze fountain immediately in front of the museum building,
hitherto maintained as lawn. The background of this fountain
had previously been planted with arbor vitae, Chamaecyparis
and other conifers.
The plants purchased and installed this spring include 150
specimens of low rhododendrons of six different kinds, occupying
the two ends of the strip, the middle portion being occupied by
two species of Pieris, Azalea amoena Hinodegri and Leucothoe
Catesbaei.
A photograph of the museum front showing the fountain and
the new plantation is reproduced herewith.
N. L. BRITTON.
POISON IVY
( WITH PLATES CXXXVII, CXXXVIII, CXXXIX, AND CXL)
Poison ivy, Rhus radicans, is one of the most widely distributed
of the plants that occur in the eastern United States. No matter
177
where you go, from the peaks of the Catskill Mountains to the
shores of the oceans, you will find poison ivy. Every year it
becomes more widely distributed. This is due to its effective
method of propagation, to its hardiness, and to its attractiveness.
The seeds of poison ivy will develop under almost all conditions.
Like many other seeds, they are not harmed by the cold of winter,
so that when weather conditions are favorable, the mature plant
develops. Poison ivy will adapt itself to many varying con­ditions,
and its habits of growth under varying conditions are as
variable as the conditions. It is without doubt one of our most
attractive plants. Because of its beauty it is frequently allowed
to grow beside old fences and unsightly hedges, which are com­pletely
covered by its luxuriant growth.
Poison ivy, depending on the conditions, grows as a trailing
vine ( Plate CXXXVII); a climbing vine ( Plate CXXXVIII); or
as a shrub ( Plate CXXIX). The trailing form is met with
most frequently on the borders of woods, in meadows, and in
open places between trees. Under these conditions the main
stem trails along the ground, rooting at the joints and developing
numerous aerial branches. When the trailing form comes in
contact with a fence or shrub, it becomes climbing. But instead
of developing roots which function as absorbing organs it
develops thousands of small roots which function as hold- fast
organs. By means of these roois it is able to climb the perpen­dicular
face of a cliff or a tree trunk. From this vertical vine- like
stem, numerous lateral branches develop, some of which become
attached to the tree, while others remain free. In some instances
the horizontal branches grow to such a length that they resemble
the branches of a tree and if the growth of the poison ivy is
sufficiently vigorous it may completely overshadow the branches
of the tree.
The shrub form of poison ivy is usually found growing in open
exposed places. When undisturbed, it grows to the size of a
small tree with good sized branches. The trunk is often free
from branches for several feet from the ground. The spring
foliage which develops annually on all forms is of an attractive
reddish- purple color. This color is gradually replaced by the
chlorophyll green of the mature leaf.
178
The leaves of poison ivy are three- foliate. The two lateral
leaflets are nearly sessile and somewhat egg- shaped. The margin
of the leaf varies from entire to strongly notched on the side
parallel to the stem. The terminal leaflet has a short stalk and
prominently marked apex. All the leaflets are of a bright shining
green color above, and slightly paler beneath. These leaves
begin to change color in August. At first the green of the upper
surface becomes marked between the green veins with copper-colored
splashes. Gradually che color changes to dark crimson
and spreads to the veins which now have become yellow, so that
the leaf is marked at this period by broad bands of dark crimson
and narrow bands of yellow. Finally the leaf becomes a uniform
color, the color varying from pink to red and to brown. It is
the brightly colored forms of poison ivy that are most prized
for bouquets by those unfamiliar with its nature. Only last
fall while crossing the Fort Lee Ferry, a man who sat beside me
asked me if I could tell him the name of the bright red leaves
surrounding a bouquet of asters. " My two little children are
asking me to tell them the names of the plants that I take them
from my walks," said he. When I told him that they were
poison ivy leaves, he seemed very grateful for the information.
The flowers, which occur in panicles and which are green in
color, are small and inconspicuous. The individual flowers have
a four to six- parted calyx. The petals are greenish- white and
spreading. The flowers have five stamens, a solitary pistil,
one ovule, and a three- parted style. The fruit is small, rounded
and greenish- white in color.
After the first frost the leaves begin to fall. In a short time
the branches are entirely bare. During this, the winter stage
of the plant, the stems appear dark gray. The thousands of
hold- fasts on the climbing form, which are now readily seen,
appear like tufts of brownish black hairs. During the late fall,
winter, and early spring many people are poisoned by coming in
contact with the stem and berries.
Poison ivy is often mistaken for Virginia creeper, Parthe­nocissus
guinquefolia, a plant which is frequently found growing
with poison ivy. The leaves of the former ( Plate C X L ) are five-
JOURNAL O? THE N E W YOR- C BOTAX. CAL GARDEN CXXXVIII
Poison Ivy, climbing form.
JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
Poison Ivy, shrub form, growing at CroDks' Point, Staten Island.
179
parted instead of three- foliate as in those of the poison ivy. The
three upper leaflets are usually larger than the two lower ones.
The margin of the leaflets are coarsely toothed to or below the
middle. The veins are more prominent on the under side of the
leaf. In early fall the leaves of Virginia creeper change from a
dark green to a bright scarlet color. The bright color pf the
leaves together with the clusters of dark blue berries makes this
plant much sought after in decorative planting.
Poison ivy, or poison oak, as it is known commercially, poisons
more people in this section of the country than any other plant.
The result of the poisoning seldom proves fatal, yet the person
affected suffers greatly from the intense irritation and swelling
of the tissues and skin, which irritation is caused by the poisonous
fatty or resinous constituent of the plant. To people susceptible
to its effects, it acts as an irritant or caustic poison. Some
people are so susceptible to its effects that a few pollen grains
falling on the skin will produce poisoning; while with others,
direct contact with the leaves of the plant is necessary to produce
irritation.
The first effect of poisoning by ivy is a mild irritation of the
skin, which the sufferer instinctively rubs, unless he suspects
the source of the irritation. Even then, some people do not
refrain from scratching the skin. The result is that the outer
skin is broken or removed. This gives the poison access to the
inner and more sensitive tissues.
The secondary effect of this poisoning is reddening of the skin.
This is followed by the blister stage. These blisters are caused
by the infiltration of water between the outer and inner layers
of the skin. If these blisters are perforated and the water
allowed to run on an unaffected part, that part in due time
develops symptoms of poisoning. In fact, a brisk rubbing of
the surface affected during any stage of infection and a subsequent
touching of an unaffected part will cause the poison to take effect.
The effect of poison ivy on the skin can be effectively counter­acted
during any of its stages by rubbing the parts well with a
paste of bicarbonate of soda and finally leaving on the affected
part a layer of this pasty mass, frequently moistening it as the
water evaporates.
180
Another method is to wash the part suspected of ivy poisoning
with strong grain alcohol. The fatty or resinous nature of the
poisonous substance of this plant is saponified when treated with
an alkali, which of course changes its chemical composition, thus
rendering it harmless. While the alcohol treatment is based on
the fact that the alcohol dissolves the fat which is thus removed
from the surface of the skin, the alcohol treatment proves
efficacious only during the first stage of poisoning.
Thousands of people are poisoned every year by poison ivy,
much to their discomfiture, both from a physical and a financial
standpoint. A large manufacturing concern in the city only
recently asked me to arrange an exhibit of poison ivy for their
employees. Their attending physician informed me that each
year numbers of the men are affected with poison ivy. In fact,
cases of poisoning have been so common during the past year
that the company decided to teach their men to identify the
plant, and to apply the proper method of treatment in case of
poisoning.
For several years past efforts have been made to exterminate
poison ivy in the New York Botanical Garden, especially in the
vicinity of the main paths. Workmen, who are not susceptible
to the poison of the plant, root out and destroy the plants, which
is the only effective method of eradication. It is necessary to
go over the same areas year after year to dig out any plants that
may spring up from roots that remained in the soil or from seed.
After the first thorough uprooting the work for successive years
is much less and in a few years the eradication is complete.
Is it not time that steps be taken to rid the country of this
pest? We can at least make a beginning by having exhibition
beds of poison ivy in all our public parks. In making such an
exhibit it will not be necessary to search beyond the park limits
for these plants. In all the parks of the city there are thousands
of plants of poison ivy. Why not rid our parks of these plants,
push the campaign of extermination to the state, and finally to
the whole country? Poison ivy has become a menace to public
health. For that reason every person should be familiar with it.
WILLIAM MANSFIELD.
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.
JOURNAL OF THE N E W YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
Leaf of Poison Ivy ( Rhus radicans) in lower part of plate. In upper part of plate
aleaf of Virginia creeper ( Parthenocissus quinquefolia) sometimes mistaken for Poison
Ivy.
181
FOSSIL WOOD FROM THE PETRIFIED FOREST OF
ARIZONA
The Museum has recently acquired, through the kindness of
Mrs. John I. Kane, two fine specimens of fossil wood, from the
so- called " Petrified Forest," near Adamana, Arizona. The
specimens consist of complete cross sections of a tree trunk about
thirteen inches in diameter, one of which is polished so that the
mineralization and what remains of the original structural
characters of the wood are clearly shown. The region which
includes the most interesting features of the forest is embraced
in the Petrified Forest National Monument, a reservation created
by proclamation of President Roosevelt, on June 8, 1906. The
original reservation was, however, deemed to be more extensive
than necessary and was reduced in 1911 to its present area of
forty and one half square miles. Under the conditions which
now obtain specimens of the fossil wood may not be taken away
by collectors as was formerly freely done, and the Garden is,
therefore, to be congratulated on having secured these two
specimens, especially the polished one, which was sent to England
by Tiffany and Company, in order that the work of polishing
could be satisfactorily done.
The particular form of fossilization exemplified in the wood
from this region is what is known as silification. or the replacement
of the woody tissue by silica in one or more of its various forms,
chalcedony, jasper, quartz crystals, etc. Of course every in­telligent
person now knows that fossil wood of all kinds represents
what was formerly the wood of living trees; but it may be in­teresting
to note that this fact was a subject of controversy and
discussion until the beginning of the last century, and that all
of the older writers on natural history who had occasion to study
such material had either very vague or entirely erroneous ideas
in regard to its true nature and origin. In Gerard's " Herbal,"
published in 1597, for example, may be found these words in
connection with his discussion of a fossil tree stump: " Among
the wonders of England this is one of great admiration, and
contrary unto man's reason and capacitie, that there should bee
a kinde of Wood alterable into the hardnesse of a stone called
182
Stonie Wood, or rather a kinde of water, which hardeneth wood
and other things into the nature and matter of stones."
Fossil wood and fossils in general were, for the most part,
regarded as freaks of nature; but in 1693 John Ray, in his
" Physico- Theological Discourses," expresses grave doubt that
Nature should engage in useless and wanton ornamentation of
rocks and stones, such as he observed in connection with fossil
shells and other animal remains; " Yet," he finally observes,
" I must not dissemble, that there is a Phenomenon in Nature,
which doth somewhat puzzle me to reconcile with the prudence
observable in all its works; and seems strongly to prove, that
Nature doth sometimes ludere, and delineate Figures, for no
other end but for the Ornamentation of some stones, to enter­tain
and gratifie our Curiosity, or exercise our Wits. That is,
those elegant Impressions of the Leaves of Plants upon Cole-
Slate." ARTHUR HOLLICK.
AUTUMN LECTURES, 1914
Lectures will be delivered in the Lecture Hall of the Museum
Building of the Garden, Bronx Park, on Saturday afternoons, at
four o'clock, as follows:
Oct. 3. " The Economic Importance of Fungi," by Dr. F.
J. Seaver.
Oct. 10. " Carnivorous Plants," by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.
Oct. 17. " The Flora of New York and Vicinity," by Mr.
Norman Taylor.
Oct. 24. " The Production and Utilization of Plant Hybrids,"
by Dr. A. B. Stout.
Oct. 31. " Botanical Travels in Europe," by Dr. W. A.
Murrill.
Nov. 7. " A Botanist in India and Java," by Dr. C. F.
Millspaugh.
Nov. 14. " The Influence of Radium on the Production of
Field Crops," by Dr. H. H. Rusby.
The lectures, which occupy an hour, will be illustrated by
lantern slides and otherwise. Doors closed at 4: 00; late comers
admitted at 4: 15.
183
The Museum Building is reached by the Harlem Division of
the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad to Botanical
Garden Station, by trolley cars to Bedford Park, or by the
Third Avenue Elevated Railway to Botanical Garden, Bronx
Park. Visitors coming by the Subway change to the Elevated
Railway at 149th Street and Third Avenue. Those coming by
the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway change at 180th
Street for crosstown trolley, transferring north at Third Avenue.
CONVENTION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF
PARK SUPERINTENDENTS
The sixteenth annual Convention of the American Association
of Park Superintendents was held at Newburgh, New York, and
New York City, August 24 to 27 inclusive. It was one of the
most successful conventions in the history of the association, the
attendance being large, with representatives from many parts of
the United States and Canada. The membership registration
was seventy- two, which, with the guests, made a total attendance
of about one hundred and fifty. The headquarters at Newburgh
were at the Palatine Hotel, in New York City at the Hotel Astor.
The opening meeting was held in the Y. M. C. A. building at
Newburgh, the mayor making an address of welcome, followed
by an address by Park Commissioner Belknap. President
Richards responded for the Association. An interesting paper
on the life and work of Andrew Jackson Downing, the father of
landscape gardening in America, was read by Professor F. A.
Waugh, of Amherst, Mass. This was followed by a paper on
" The Preservation of Natural Woodlands L'nder Park Con­ditions,"
by Mr. Ogelsby Paul, landscape gardener at Fairmount
Park, Philadelphia. On account of illness, Mr. Paul was unable
to be present, so the paper was read by Mr. H. W. Merkel.
Tuesday was a day of sightseeing, with an early trip across the
Hudson to Mount Beacon, famous in Revolutionary times.
From this high point a magnificent view of the Hudson and its
valley was obtained. The remainder of the day was occupied in
184
visiting, by aid of automobiles, the many places of interest in
Newburgh, including its parks, private gardens, and the home of
Downing. The Association was entertained at luncheon by
Mrs. E. H. Harriman at Tuxedo Inn, in Tuxedo Park, twenty-five
miles distant, to which we were rapidly driven by automo­biles.
In the evening a reception was tendered to the Associ­ation
by the citizens of Newburgh at the Coldwell Lawn Mower
Plant.
On Wednesday the Association was the guest of the Hon.
George W. Perkins, president of the Interstate Park Commission.
As his guests we were taken down the Hudson in a specially
chartered steamer, the " Albion." A stop of an hour was made
at West Point. At Bear Mountain a stop was made for luncheon
as the guests of Mr. Perkins. After luncheon Mr. Perkins made
an address in which he described the work which had already
been done in the establishing of this vast park and his hopes for
its future development. He is much interested in this work and
is giving much of his time to promoting it. At three, the party
embarked and proceeded down the river.
Thursday was devoted to an inspection of the parks and
gardens of New York City. After addresses of welcome at the
Hotel Astor by city officials, the party proceeded in automobiles
furnished by the City of New York and the Fifth Avenue Stage
Company. Central Park, Riverside Drive and Van Cortlandt
Park were visited. The party was met at the Mosholu Bridge
by an automobile bearing the flag of the New York Botanical
Garden, which led the procession of cars through the grounds of
the Garden. They left the cars at the west end of the Long
Bridge, where they proceeded on foot through the Hemlock
Forest and the Economic Garden. Again entering the autos,
after a short drive through the southern end of the grounds, they
proceeded to the New York Zoological Park, where they were
entertained at luncheon by that institution. The remainder of
the afternoon was spent in a drive through the streets of New
York and through Central Park, crossing into Brooklyn over the
Brooklyn Bridge, where some of the parks were visited, and
terminating the day and the convention at Coney Island.
GEORGE V. NASH.
185
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
The Horticultural Society of New York, in cooperation with
the Garden, gave a Gladiolus Exhibition in the Museum on
Saturday and Sunday, August 15 and 16. There was a large
display of gladioli. Mr. T. A. Havemeyer made his usual
extensive exhibit of superb blooms of this popular flower.
The collection shown by Mr. T. A. Havemeyer of fifty- seven
kinds, secured the first prize for the largest and best collection.
A second prize went to Mr. John Lewis Childs for a collection of
forty- six kinds. Mr. Childs also secured the first prize for a col­lection
of twelve varieties, three spikes of each; and likewise
first prize for a vase of twenty- five white with " Snow King,"
and second for a vase of twenty- five pink with " Fascinator,"
the first prize for this class going to Mrs. DeLancey Kane of
New Rochelle with a vase of " America." These prizes were in
the open- to- all classes.
Mr. Havemeyer was also a winner in the non- commercial
classes, securing first prize for the best six kinds, two spikes of
each; and also first prize for the best vase of white, six spikes,
with " Zephelin," and for the best vase of pink with " Panama."
A special cash prize was awarded to Mrs. F. A. Constable for a
vase of Helianthus rigidus Miss Willmott.
The Garden made exhibits of the flowers, not for competition,
of thirty- three kinds of shrubs and of nineteen kinds of herbaceous
plants. A collection of shrubs in fruit, including sixty kinds, was
also made and attracted much attention. A collection of orchid
plants was also shown.
The report of the Bronx Parkway Commission for 1914,
recently received, records great activity during the year past,
including the purchase of 392 parcels of real estate, the reclama­tion
of considerable areas within the Parkway, the cutting out
of over 1,300 dead trees, and the pruning of over 6,000 with
tree surgery to over 1,600, the planting of 5,000 shrubs and
saplings, and the planting of 20,000 cuttings in the nursery.
The report also gives the history of the project, the commission
186
having been appointed in 1907, and the first appropriation of
$ 35,000 having been made in July, 1911. It will be remembered
that this parkway will extend from the northeastern boundary
of the Garden at Williamsbridge northward along both sides of
the Bronx River to Valhalla, a length of about fifteen and one
half miles, and will protect the Bronx River from pollution.
Several members of the Bedford Garden Club visited the Garden
on Saturday, August 15, and remained to the flower show and
lecture. This club was organized about two years ago and has
a membership of one hundred women who own, plan, and work
in their gardens. It meets twice a month during the summer co
hear papers written by the members or lectures by professional
speakers on gardening topics and discussions of garden problems.
A public flower show is held once a year, and various excursions
are made to interesting gardens in other localities, Among the
members who visited the Garden, were Mrs. Henry Marquand,
Mrs. Henry C. Hopkins, Mrs. Merrill E. Gates, Mrs. Nelson
B. Williams, secretary of the club, and Miss Delia W. Marble,
vice- president.
Dr. Florence A. McCormick, assistant professor of agricultural
botany in the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, pre­sented
the results of two months' research work at the Garden
at an informal conference held on the afternoon of August 12,
which was attended by fifteen local botanists interested in cyto­logical
subjects. A few years ago, Dr. McCormick discovered
a " central body" in the zygospore of the ordinary black mould
of bread, and her object this summer has been to trace the history
of this body and to determine its function in the zygospore. A
large amount of culture work and sectioning has been necessary
in the prosecution of this difficult piece of research, and many of
the preparations made have not yet been studied.
Dr. Johan Nordal Fischer Wille, professor of botany and direc­tor
of the Botanical Garden of the University of Christiania,
187
Norway, spent two weeks of September at the New York Bo­tanical
Garden. Professor Wille is well known to American
botanists, especially by his studies of the green algae. Among
his papers in this field is the treatment of the Chlorophyceae in
Engler & Prantl's " Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien." Pro­fessor
Wille is one of the foreign delegates to the celebration of
the twenty- fifth anniversary of the organization of the board of
trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden to be held at St. Louis
on October 15 and 16.
At the request of E. H. Anderson, Director of the New York
Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations, 45 sets
of the essays by Mrs. Britton on " Wild Plants Needing Pro­tection"
which are illustrated with colored plates by the aid of
the fund for the Preservation of Native Plants given by Miss
Maria and Olivia Phelps Stokes, have been sent for distribution
to the branches of the library in various parts of the city.
Mr. J. R. Johnston, who has made extensive investigations of
cocoanut and sugarcane diseases in tropical America, spent
August 10 to 12 at the Garden consulting the herbarium and
library. He has resigned his position with the Porto Rico Sugar
Growers' Association at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, to accept the
position of plant pathologist in the agricultural experiment
station at Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba.
Miss Laura M. Bragg, Curator of Books and Public Instruc­tion,
Charleston Museum, Charleston, South Carolina, spent
several days at the Garden about the middle of August, looking
up records of South Carolina plants in the herbarium.
Dr. Adolf J. A. Fredholm, professor of agronomy, College of
Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Mayaguez, Porto Rico, visited
the Garden in August.
Meteorology for August.— The record of the rainfall at the
Garden for August 11 was lost. The record at the municipal
building at Tremont Avenue for that date was 0.90 im h. In-
188
eluding this figure the total precipitation for the month was 2.03
inches. Maximum temperatures for each week were 87.50 on
the i s t / 9 1 0 on the 9th, 970 on the 19th, and 89.50 on the 24th.
Minimum temperatures were 6o° on the 7th, 55.50 on the 14th,
590 on the 18th, and 55.50 on the 26th.
ACCESSIONS
MUSEUMS AND HERBARIUM
2 specimens of fungi frojn New York. ( By exchange with Mr. Stewart H.
Burnham.)
1 specimen of woody fungus from British Columbia. ( By exchange with Pro­fessor
T. C. Frye.)
1 specimen of woody fungus from Florida. ( By exchange with Dr. Roland M.
Harper.)
55 specimens of fungi from Porto Rico. ( By exchange with the University of
Porto Rico.)
71 specimens of fungi from California. ( By exchange with Professor W. A.
Setchell.)
1 specimen of Thelephora pedicellata from Texas. ( By exchange with Professor
Frederick H. Blodgett.)
770 specimens of fungi from southern Europe. ( Collected by Rev. G. Bresa-dola.)
1 specimen of Lentinus Ravenelii from Orient, Long Island. ( By exchange with
Mr. Roy Latham.)
1 specimen of Exobasidium from New York. ( By exchange with Miss Delia W.
Marble.)
36 specimens of fungi from Austin, Texas. ( By exchange with Dr. Frederick
McAllister.)
1 specimen of fleshy fungus from Wisconsin. ( By exchange with Dr. Lewis
Sherman.)
1 specimen of Clitocybe multtceps from Rochester, New York. ( By exchange
with Mr. William E. Abbs.)
8 specimens of woody fungi from Ontario, Canada. ( By exchange with Mr.
J. H. Faull.)
1 specimen of fleshy fungus from Orient, Long Island. ( By exchange with
Mr. Roy Latham.)
1 specimen of woody fungus from Westchester County, New York. ( By
exchange with Miss Delia W. Marble.)
68 specimens of mosses from the Philippine Islands. ( Collected by Dr. A. D. E.
Elmer.)
12 specimens of mosses from Canada. ( By exchange with Mr. John M.
Macoun.)
189
i specimen of Octoblepharum albidum from Tobago, West Indies. ( Given by
Mr. W. E. Bioadway.)
5 specimens of lichens from Wyoming. ( By exchange with Professor Aven
Nelson.)
2 specimens of hepatics from Wyoming. ( By exchange with Professor Aven
Nelson.)
8 specimens of mosses from New Zealand. ( Given by Professor Edward B.
Chamberlain.)
3 specimens of mosses from California. ( By exchange with Profes? or Ir£ nee
Theriot.)
6 specimens of mosses from Arizona. ( By exchange with Professor L. N.
Goodding.)
PLANTS AND SEEDS
2 cacti from Cuba. ( Collected by Bro. Leon.)
5 plants for conservatories, from Bermuda. ( Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.)
5 plants of Populus deltoides. ( Given by Mrs. N. F. Flynn.)
2 plants for nursery. ( Given by Mr. E. C. Wurzlow.)
22 plants for fountain. ( Purchased.)
2 plants for nursery. ( Given by Miss Juliet Turner.)
3 rose plants. ( Purchased.)
2 plants of Ophioglossum vulgalum. ( Collected by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
3 plants of Dudleya Parishii. ( By exchange with U. S. Nat. Mus.* through Dr.
Rose.)
12 plants of Azalea mollis Hollandea. ( Purchased.)
17 plants for conservatories, from Panama. ( Collected by Dr. J. N. Rose.)
1 Cattleya from Brazil. ( Given by Dr. H. H. Rusby.)
1 plant, Cynometra portoricensis, from Porto Rico. ( Collected by H. C. Cowles.)
37 cacti, from Nevada. ( Collected by Dr. D. T. MacDougal.)
1 plant, Opuntia Opuntia. ( Collected by Dr. N. L. Britton.)
10 plants of Peramium pubescens. ( Collected by Mr. Percy Wilson, at Scars­dale,
N. Y.)
1083 plants. ( Derived from seed of various sources.)
1 pkt. seed of Chamaedorea Pacaya. ( By exchange with Bureau Plant Industry.)
146 plants from Panama. ( Collected by Mr. A. J. Corbett.)
1 plant Hariota villigera. ( Given by Mr. Leonard Barron.)
flDembers of tbe Corporation
FlITZ AcHELIS
EDWARD D. ADAMS
CHARLES B. ALEXANDER
JOHN D. ARCHBOLD,
GEORCE F. BAKER
EUGENE P. BICKNELL
GEORGE S. BOWDOIN
PROF. N. L. BUTTON
PROF. EDW. S. BURGESS
DR. NICHOLAS M. BUTLER
ANDREW CARNEGIE
PROF. C. F. CHANDLER
WILLIAM G. CHOATI
THOMAS W. CHURCHILL
E. C. CONVERSE
PAUL D. CRAVATH
HENRY W. DE FOREST
RORERT W. DE FOREST
CLEVELAND H. DODGE
A. F. ESTABROOX
H. C FAHNESTOCK
SAMUEL W. FAIRCHILD
GEORGE W. FOLSOM
JAMES B. FORD
HENRY C FRICK
PROF. W. J. GIES
J. HORACE HARDING
EDWARD S. HARKNESS
PROE. R. A. HARPER
T. A. HAVEMEYER
A. HECKSCHER
HENRY R. HOYT
THOS H. HUIEARD
ADRIAN ISELIN, JR.
WALTER B. JENNINGS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP
EDW. V. Z. LANE
PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE
HON. SETH LOW
DAVID LYDIG
EDGAR L. MARSTON
W. J. MATHESON
DR. WM. H. MAXWELL
EMERSON MCMILLIN
OGDEN MILLS
J. PIERPONT MOSGAN
THEODORE W. MYERS
FREDERIC R. NEWBOLD
PROF. HENRY F. OSBORN
LOWELL M. PALMER
GEORGE W. PERKINS
HENRY PHIPFS
JAMES R. PITCHER
M. F. PLANT
EDWIN A. RICHARD
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER
PROF. H. H. RUSBY
DR. REGINALD H. SAYRE
JACOB H. SCHIFF
MORTIMER L. SCHIFF
JAMES A. SCRYMSER
ISAAC N. SELIGMAN
ALBERT R. SHATTUCK
HENRY A. SIEBRECHT
WILLIAM D. SLOANE
NELSON SMITH
VALENTINE P. SNYDER
JAMES SPEYER
FRANCIS L. STETSON
CHARLES G. THOMPSON
DR. W. GILMAN THOMPSON
SAMUEL THORNE
MYLES TIERNEY
LOUIS C TIFFANY
GZOEGE W. VANDERBILT
W. K. VANDERBILT
P U B L I C A T I O N S
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal of tho New Tork Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, con­taining
notes, news, and non- technical articles of general interest. Free to all mem­bers
of the Garden. To others, io cents a copy; jSi. oo a year. [ Not offered in ex­change.]
Now in its fifteenth volume.
Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and otherwise; devoted to fungi;
including lichens; containing technical articles and news and notes of general in­terest,
and an index to current American mycological literature. $ 3.00 a year;
single copies not for sale. [ Not offered in exchange.] Now in its sixth volume.
Bulletin of the New Tork Botanical Garden, containing the annual repo. ts
of the Director- in- Chief and other official documents, and technical articles embodying
results of investigations carried out in the Garden. Free to all members of the
Garden ; to others, $ 3.00 per volume. Now in its eighth volume.
North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of North America*
including Greenland, the West Indies and Central America. Planned to be com­pleted
in 32 volumes. Roy. 8vo. Each volume to consist of four or more parts*
Subscription price, £ 1.50 per part; a limited number of separate parts will be sold
for £ 2.00 each. [ Not offered in exchange.]
Vol. 3, part I, 1910. Nectriaceae— himetariaceae.
Vol. 7, part I, 1906; part 2, 1907 ; part 3, 1912. Usnlaginaceae— Aecidiacete
Vol. 9, parts 1 and 2, 1907; part 3, 1910. Polyporaceae— Agaricaceae ( p « *).
( Parts 1 and 2 no longer sold separately.)
Vol. 10, part 1, 1914. Agaricaceae ( pars).
Vol. 15, parts 1 and 2, 1913. Sphagnaceae— Leucobryaceae.
Vol. 16, part I, 1909. Ophioglossaceae— Cyatheaceae ( pars).
Vol. 17, part j , 1909 ; part 2, 1912. Typhaceae— Poaceae ( pars).
Vol. 22, parts 1 and 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4, 1908; part 5, 1913. Podostemona-ceae—
Rosaceae ( pars).
Vol, 25, part 1, 1907; part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. Geraniaceae— Burseraceae.
Vol. 29, part 1, 1914. Clethraceae— Ericaceae.
Memolra of the New York Botanical Garden. Price to members of the
Garden, $ 1.00 per volume. To others, $ 2.00. [ Not offered in exchange.]
Vol. I. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone
Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with detailed map. 1900.
Vol. II. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth and Development,
by D. T. MacDougal. xvi - j- 320 pp., with 176 figures. 1903.
Vol. III. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Remains from Kreischerville, New
York, by Arthur Hollick and Edward Charles Jeffrey, viii + 138 pp., with 29
plates. 19C9.
Vol. IV. Effects of the Rays oi Radium on Plants, by Charles Stuart Gager.
viii - f- 278 pp., with 73 figures and 14 plates. 1908.
Contributions from the New Tork Botanical Garden. A series of tech­nical
papers written by students or members of the staff, and reprinted from journals
other than the above. Price, 25 cents each. $ 5.00 per volume. In its seventh volume.
RECENT NUMBERS 25 CENTS EACH
167. The Identity of the Anthracnose of Grasses in the United States, by Guy West
Wilson.
168. Phytogeographical Notes on the Rocky Mountain Region— II. Origin of the
Alpine Flora, by P. A. Rydberg.
169. Some Midwinter Algae of Long Island Sound, by Marshall A. Howe.
170. Notes on Rosaceae— VII, by P. A. Rydberg.
NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
BRONX PARK, NaW YORK OffY