Journal of the New York Botanical Garden

              Vol. V AUGUST, 1904 No. 56
JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
DANIEL TREMBLY MACDOUGAL
Assistant Director
CONTENTS
PAGB
Report upon Further Exploration of Southern Florida 157
Collections of Marine Algae from Florida and the Bahamas 164
The Summer Meeting of the Horticultural Society of New York 166
Notes, News and Comment » 68
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
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SECRETARY— N. L. BRITTON.
B O A R D O R M A N A G E R S .
1. E L E C T E D MANAGERS.
ANDREW CARNEGIE, J. PIERPONT MORGAN,
W. BAYARD CUTTING, GEORGE W. PERKINS,
ROBERT W. DE FOREST, JAMES A. SCRYMSER,
JOHN I. KANE, SAMUEL SLOAN,
D. O. MILLS, W. GILMAN THOMPSON,
SAMUEL THORNE.
2. E X - O F F I C I O MANAGERS.
T H E PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS,
HON. JOHN J. PALLAS.
THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK,
HON. GEORGE B. McCLELLAN.
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. L. M. UNDERWOOD, Chairman.
HON. ADDISON BROWN, PROF. J. F. KEMP,
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE,
PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, HON. HENRY A ROGERS,
CHARLES F. COX, PROF. H. H. RUSBY
G A R D E N S T A F F .
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director- in- Chief.
DR. D. T. MACDOUGAL, Assistant Director.
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Curator of the Museums.
DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Assistant Curator.
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Assistant Curator.
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Assistant Curator.
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener.
ANNA MURRAY VML, Librarian.
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Curator of the Economic Collections.
DR. WM. J. GIES, Consulting Chemist.
COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Superintendent.
JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer.
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant.
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Editorial Assistant.
JOHN A. SHAFER, Museum Custodian.
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VOL. V. August, 1904. No. 56.
REPORT UPON FURTHER EXPLORATION OF
SOUTHERN FLORIDA.
DR. N. L. BRITTON, DIRECTOR- IN- CHIEF.
Sir: I submit the following report on botanical explorations
in southern peninsular Florida, during a period of twenty days
last May. By your permission Mr. Percy Wilson, Adminis­trative
Assistant, and the writer, left New York City for the field
on May 2nd. We reached Miami the following Wednesday
night. At tlie invitation of Professor Rolfs, who is in charge of
the Subtropical Laboratory of the U. S. Department of Agri­culture
at Miami, we established our headquarters in the labo­ratory
building of that institution on Thursday morning, and I
wish here to express our thanks to Professor Rolfs and his asso­ciates
for their hospitality and for the assistance generously given
for furthering our plans. I also take this occasion to thank Mr.
J. S. Frederick, Civil Engineer, of Miami, for tracings of maps of
lately surveyed portions of the Homestead country, which greatly
facilitated our investigations.
Immediately after establishing our headquarters we secured
provisions and a team of horses. During the afternoon of the
same day we set out for the field and at ten o'clock that night
pitched camp in the heart of the Homestead country. We
planned to divide our time principally between two points of
special interest, the one Long Key, an isolated portion of pine­land
and hammock formation surrounded by the Everglades, the
157
158
other Camp Longview and vicinity, situated several miles farther
north on the edge of the Everglades.
Our field work was inaugurated by a spell of heat and rainy
weather probably the most severe of the year. Both these con­ditions
added greatly to our discomfort in the field, and inter­fered
to some extent with our prearranged plans. In that region
the heat is markedly intensified by the peculiar growth of the
pine trees which form a generally unbroken forest; the trees
grow in too spindling a manner to afford shade and the innumer­able
trunks are so thickly set that they prevent the circulation of
air in any manner suggestive of a breeze. The rain fell so con­tinuously
and in such torrents that we were forced to reduce our
bivouacs to from three to six hours, in order to cover the terri­tory
selected for investigation before the intervening portions of
the Everglades became filled with water and consequently im­passable.
An early start on the morning of May 6, and continuous trav­eling
through a drenching rain during the day, enabled us to
reach Camp Jackson, an abandoned survey camp consisting of a
single log cabin, situated on the edge of the Everglades, about
forty- five miles by trail southwest of Miami, before sunset.
The eastern end of Long Key is situated three miles directly
west of Camp Jackson. Structurally, Long Key may be de­scribed
as a repetition of the elevated ridge of coral sandrock
extending from Miami to Camp Jackson, but on a smaller scale,
and with its long axis running directly east and west, instead of
north and south. Like the larger reef referred to, it is oblong in
shape and is intersected by narrow arms of the Everglades at
right angles to the long axis and has its greatest hammock devel­opment
at its eastern end, as the other reef has at the corre­sponding
northern end. It is more rugged than the larger reef
and the vegetation, especially in the case of the trees, is of a more
stunted and ragged character. Our first attempt to reach the
Key was rendered unsuccessful by encountering a slough * just
* One mile below this point the slough forks and runs on either side of a hammock
called Paradise Key which was visited in 1903 by Mr. A. A. Eaton and earlier during
this year by Dr. Britton and Professor Rolfs. Before reaching the field it was part of
159
east of the Key filled with six feet or more of water and mud, in
addition to being the home of alligators and water moccasins.
These conditions and the weight of our camp outfit, rendered
wading and swimming not only inadvisable, but out of the
question. We were thus forced to retrace our steps to Camp
Jackson for the purpose of securing the remains of a disin­tegrating
steel boat abandoned there by surveyors. After car­rying
the boat over a ragged coral reef and dragging it over the
partially submerged everglades for the distance of three miles,
there was sufficient of the craft left to enable us to cross the
above- mentioned slough in safety, and thus reach our objective
point. We found the eastern end of the Key surrounded by an
exceedingly dense hammock growth; in fact the vegetation
there is penetrable only by the vigorous use of an axe. The
hammock formation extends for a considerable distance from the
margin of the Key, and instead of ending abruptly on a line
where the growth of pine trees begins, the hardwood trees of
the hammock and the pine trees grow intermingled, the former
giving way only gradually to the latter until the pines finally
predominate, and the typical rocky pineland is reached. The
pinelands were too parched to yield much of interest, not yet
having been brought back to their normal condition by the rains,
but the hammocks, less seriously affected by the drought, yielded
rare and interesting ferns, orchids and bromeliads. The ham­mocks
of Long Key differ conspicuously from all the others
investigated in the neighboring region, on account of the copious
growth of the long moss which is noticeable on the trees at a
distance of two or three miles. This tract may be explored ad­vantageously
in the autumn only.
The latter portion of the time at our disposal was devoted to
an investigation of the lower portion of the Homestead trail and
our plans to go to Cape Sable by way of Long Key, but on reaching Miami we learned
that the character of the country and the great distance forbade us to attempt to carry
out that part of our plan with the field equipment we had at our disposal. Cape
Sable ( Middle Cape) is 38 miles in a direct line from the eastern end of Long Key
or from Paradise Key and 46 miles by the survey, and not 15 miles as lately recorded
by Mr. Oakes Ames ( Contributions from the Ames Botanical Laboratory, No. I,
page 9.
160
the vicinity of Camp Longview which is situated about four miles
north of Camp Jackson. We revisited several of the more in­teresting
hammocks investigated last year, and found that the
fears expressed in a previous report* concerning the probable
destruction of these hammocks were in several cases well founded.
The larger trees of a few of the more important hammocks
have been cut out; thus by letting in the direct sunlight, several
men have destroyed in a few days, the results which it took
nature thousands of years to accomplish. However, in these
ruins we were rewarded by finding species of West Indian
flowering plants not previously collected on the North American
mainland as well as considerable cryptogamic material which had
not yet been wholly parched by the sun.
Our recent explorations in that previously little known portion
of Florida have acquainted us with many interesting and useful
facts connected with plant relationships and distribution in addi­tion
to enriching the collections of the museums, herbarium and
conservatories of the Garden. Some of the facts seem to be of
sufficient general interest to record here.
In considering this region one should remember that it consists
of a slightly elevated ridge scarcely over 40 miles in length and
from two to six miles in width, bounded on the east by Biscayne
Bay and on the west by the Everglades. Compared with the
59,268 square miles of the state the area of this ridge is insig­nificant
and up to the present only portions of less than 75 square
miles have been botanically explored ; but this restricted area
has yielded nearly 800 species of flowering plants, or fully one
fourth of the 3,000 species of flowering plants known to grow
naturally within the state. The flora is strikingly different from
that of the rest of the state, even from that of the contiguous
territory, and is to some extent endemic. For example, such
relatively large families both well represented and generally dis­tributed
in the state, as Melanthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Ranun­culaceae
and Ericaceas are wholly wanting or represented by a
single species. Such widely distributed genera as Ranunculus
with 9 species in the other parts of the state, Cratcegus with 47
* Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 5 : No. 51, 1904.
161
species, Baptisia with 11 species, Oxalis with 9 species, Viola with
12 species, Rhexia with 12 species, Phlox with 10 species, and
Plantago with 7 species are here wholly unrepresented. On the
other hand such families as Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Convolvu­laceae
and Rubiaceae are strongly represented both as to the
number of the genera and species.
The actual and comparative distribution of the plants inhabit­ing
the coral sandrock ridge under consideration, brings out sev-
FlG. 24. PINELAND. — This formation greatly predominates on the coral sand-rock
ridge. The characteristic plant is Pinus Elliotlii, and with it are abundantly
associated several species of palms and a species of Zamia. Here occur the great
majority of endemic species of flowering plants, while fungi, hepatics, mosses and
ferns are relatively scarce. About 43 per cent, of the species of flowering plants
known to grow naturally in the region under consideration occur in the pinelands.
eral points of interest. To illustrate this more clearly I have
introduced cuts * of the three main factors of plant distribution
on the reef, namely, the Pineland, the Hammock and the Ever­glades,
f The area occupied by the Hammock formation is in-
* From photographs furnished by Prof. Rolfs and Mr. L. H. McCullough.
f These formations were described in a previous report on exploration in Florida.
Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3 : No. 26. 1902.
162
significant as compared with that of the pineland, yet there are
nearly as many species of flowering plants growing within the
bounds of these small scattered hammocks as there are in the
vast pinelands. The intersecting arms of the Everglades main­tain
less than one- half as many species as either the hammocks
or the pinelands. The comparative distribution of the species of
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FIG. 25. HAMMOCK. — The total area of this formation is relatively insignificant
when compared with the pinelands. The hammocks consist of isolated groups of
hardwood trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants in the pinelands. The dense,
often almost impenetrable, growth excludes the direct sunlight and maintains a high
degree of moisture, both conditions being favorable to the development of fungi,
hepatics, mosses and ferns, representatives of which occur in great abundance. Here
occur the great majority of the flowering plants, now known to be common both to the
West Indies and the mainland of North America, while nearly as great a percentage
( 42 per cent.) of species occur in this formation as in the much more extensive pine­lands.
flowering plants in the three formations is as follows : Pinelands,
43 per cent. ; Hammocks, 42 per cent.; contiguous portions of
the Everglades, 15 per cent.
To one not acquainted with that region this statement made
long ago by Dr. Perrine, " the sterility of the soil is made up for
163
by the fertility of the air" is of course unintelligible; but a
glance at the epiphytic flora and jagged rock of the surface of
the ridge at once brings out the force of Dr. Perrine's statement.
In the case of most of the hammocks the epiphytic flora reaches
a considerable or even an excessive development. It consists
chiefly of representatives of the fern- plants, bromeliads and or­chids.
About 30 per cent, of the 28 species of fern- plants now
known to occur in that region inhabit trees, all the 13 species of
bromeliads are epiphytic and nearly 50 per cent, of the 30 spe­cies
of orchids are tree- inhabiting. We encountered one ham­mock
of about an acre in extent that is actually being destroyed
FIG. 26. EVERGLADES.— This formation partially surrounds and intersects the
coral sandrock ridge. Structurally it consists of a. marsh with scattered hammock-islands,
while its flora consists of plants mainly of a different character from those
found in either the pinelands or the hammocks. The more conspicuous elements of
the flora are grasses and sedges, and among these occur many aquatic and mud- in­habiting
plants ; the vegetation is of a more northern character. About 15 per cent,
of the species of the flowering plants now known to grow naturally on the coral
sandrock ridge including the intersecting and contiguous portions of the Everglades
occur in this formation, or less than one half as many as in either the pinelands or in
the hammocks.
by the excessive development of the epiphytes. r The hammock
has the appearance of being choked. The plants of the epi­phytic
bromeliads and orchids, having taken possession of every
available bit of surface of trunks and branches of the larger
trees, have prepared the way for the ready development of wood-
164
destroying species of fungi which in turn have caused the trees
to rot and fall to pieces. The epiphytes thus brought to the
ground have completely covered the floor of the hammock and
have now taken possession of the smaller trees which appear to
be doomed to the same fate which overtook the larger ones.
J. K. SMALL.
Curator of the Museums and Herbarium.
COLLECTIONS OF MARINE ALGAE FROM
FLORIDA AND THE BAHAMAS.
DR. N. L. BRITTON, DIRECTOR- IN- CHIEF :
As a supplement to your report relating to our expedition to
southern Florida and the Bahamas in March and April, I would
respectfully submit a brief account of my special work in connec­tion
with collecting and studying the marine algae of that region.
I was in Miami, Florida, for a single day, on October 22, 1902,
on my way to Key West, and when we reached this point on
March 17, 1904, it was of interest to note that several species of
algae, notably two species of Acetabulum and one of Coccocladus
which were very abundant on the former visit, were now — six
months earlier in the year — equally abundant and in practically
the same stages of development. Very little is definitely known
about the life- periods and seasonal variations of the marine algae
of our subtropical waters and the opportunity of comparing the
marine flora of this locality in spring and autumn was a valued one.
An impressive feature of the marine vegetation of the main­land
shore of Biscayne Bay is the profusion in which the graceful
Acetabulum crenulatum occurs. When I have met with this
species elsewhere — in Bermuda, Key West, Porto Rico, and the
Bahamas — it has been rather sporadic and in limited quantity.
Here, it often covers areas twenty feet or more in diameter to the
exclusion of nearly everything else, mostly in water that is from
one to six feet deep at low tide.
The visit of three or four days to Cutler, fifteen miles south of
Miami, did not result in the collection of much that was different
16.5
from what occurs in the immediate vicinity of Miami, but the
expeditions to Virginia Key and later to Biscayne Key, Soldiers'
Key, Sand's Key, and Elliott's Key, brought us into closer rela­tions
with the open ocean and the Gulf Stream and yielded results
of much interest. Caesar's Creek, south of Elliott's Key, proved
to be a particularly rich collecting ground.
Five days were spent on the island of New Providence, Baha­mas.
The south shore of this island, with its wide stretches of
shallow water, was the most interesting of any part visited and I
regret that only one day was given to it. On April n , Dr.
Millspaugh and I having chartered at Nassau the sloop- rigged
yacht " Cynosure," began a westward voyage of exploration with
Miami, about one hundred and eighty miles away, as the pros­pective
terminus. Our first stop was at West End Bight, New
Providence; afterwards, we touched and made collections at
Joulter's Cays, Gun Cay, North Cat Cay, and the Bimini Cays,
returning then to South Cat Cay, from which we took our course
across the Gulf Stream to Miami. In the Bimini harbor, a fea­ture
of special interest was the development of the genera Peni­cillus
and Rhipocephalus, which include the so- called " merman's
shaving brushes." Four species of Penicillus and two of Rhipo­cephalus
were found growing in this harbor. Extending east­ward
from the harbor proper are extensive sand flats which are
widely exposed at low water ; the portion which lies between
the tide- lines is almost destitute of plant- life, but the region from
low water mark down to a depth of six feet seems particularly
well adapted to the members of the Penicillus group.
Ten days were occupied in the cruise from Nassau to Miami.
The only misadventure, if it may be called such, of the voyage
was our meeting with two or three dead calms at sea, which
delayed our schedule by about three days. One almost breath­less
day on the deep waters of the Gulf Stream resulted in carry­ing
us forty or fifty miles north of our course. These experiences
served to emphasize the superior value, for future expeditions,
of a sailing craft with an auxiliary engine. However, a dead
calm on a Bahaman bank covered with only ten or fifteen feet
of water is not without its compensations to any one who is inter-
166
ested in the animal or vegetable life of the sea- bottom. There
are considerable stretches of these banks that consist of almost
barren white sand, but there are other wide areas that are rich in
varied forms of plant and animal life. The crystal- clearness of
the water permits one, on a calm day, to diagnose from the deck
of a boat with some degree of certainty, the larger species of
algae that are to be seen at the bottom, and with a long- handled
rake or a sponge- hook it is a • simple matter to secure them for
specimens. The dominant algae of the banks, or at least of
those parts of the banks that came under our observation, are
species of Penicillus, Rhipocephalus, Sargassum, Laurencia, Udotea
conglutinata and Microdictyon crassum.
The algae obtained on the trip as a whole are represented by
616 collection numbers, many of these including fluid- preserved
as well as dried material.
Respectfully submitted,
MARSHALL A. HOWE.
Assistant Curator.
THE SUMMER MEETING OF THE HORTICUL­TURAL
SOCIETY OF NEW YORK.
The June meeting of the Horticultural Society of New York
on Wednesday and Thursday of the second week in June was an
unqualified success. The display was not only large, but remark­ably
representative and also of high quality ; the attendance was
good, and a large number of prominent horticulturists and ama­teurs
were seen during the two days. The exhibits of peonies,
which are referred to in more detail in the notice concerning the
Peony Society, were large and fully representative of the varieties
in cultivation. That the peony is rapidly growing into public
favor is very evident.
Collections of herbaceous perennial plants made a fine showing,
in which the honors went easily to a highly meritorious collection
sent by the Blue Hill Nurseries, South Braintree, Mass. It is
the first time that we can recall that this firm has attended a New
York show. Roses were but poorly represented, it being a
167
pretty hard matter to strike the exact day for them. The col­lection
of H. Nichols, gardener to Mrs. J. B. Trevor, Yonkers,
N. Y., received the first prize for general quality, although the
competing collection had a larger number of varieties. The
schedule called for hybrid perpetuals and hybrid teas, but both
exhibitors erred in including varieties which cannot be classed in
either of these groups. The moss roses are members of the
Provence group ; and a polyantha rose in the second prize col­lection
was inexcusably included. The exhibitors should cer­tainly
pay closer attention to the actual demands of the schedule.
Madame Plantier exhibited in the other is hybrid noisette, and is
very doubtfully to be included under the term of hybrid tea.
Siebrecht & Son, New Rochelle, N. Y., who received the
second prize in the foregoing class were the only exhibitors of
rugosa roses, showing six varieties. Remarkably fine were the
collections of native plants from the Bedford Agassiz Association
which time and again produces at these shows such exhaustive
collections of native plants ; grasses, flowering plants, and ferns
were all represented in great numbers. They had the field to
themselves for the native flowers, but would have been hard to
eclipse. They came second to Siebrecht & Son in the display
of ferns, both exhibitors showing about thirty species.
Collections of hybrid rhododendrons and azaleas from F. R.
Pierson Co., Tarrytown, N. Y., and James Wood, Mt. Kisco,
N. Y., attracted considerable attention, and prizes were awarded
in the order named. Messrs. Pierson's exhibit was interesting
for its range of variety, especially in the Azaleas and for the fact
that everything had its name attached. The prizes for straw­berries
were won by H. Nichols, who showed Marshall as
the best berry for home use and Nick Ohmer as the market
variety. The same exhibitor also led in the collection of vege­tables
with a very clean lot well finished, James Wood being a
close second.
A number of miscellaneous exhibits unclassified were staged
by Mr. Wood. These included native azaleas, sweet peas, a few
flowering shrubs, etc., all of which added to the interest of the
show. F. Weinberg had a collection of dwarf Japanese plants
168
and a rich crimson- colored Phyllocactus, and Siebrecht & Son
staged a chaste collection of cut orchids.
The next regular meeting of the society takes place the second
Wednesday in October. ( Extracted from American Gardening,
25 : 488, pp. 387- 388.)
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT.
Work has recently been commenced by the Borough Depart­ment
of Highways in the construction of the Southern Boule­vard,
from the southern entrance of the Garden to the Zoolog-cal
Park and beyond. The desirability of this improvement was
pointed out in this Journal last year, and its completion will be
a great boom to both business traffic and pleasure driving, the
old roadway having been in bad condition for several years,
Its sidewalks will furnish additional paths for pedestrians between
the Zoological Park and the Garden.
Under a contract of the Department of Parks with Springsted
and Adamson, two commodious public comfort stations at the
approach to the Elevated Railroad Station were completed and
opened on July 1. The structures were designed by Mr. R. W.
Gibson, architect, and are of the most approved modern con­struction
throughout. Paths leading to them have been finished
and the surroundings partially planted ; additional planting here
may be carried out in the autumn. The completion of these
public comfort stations, of the steam subway from them to the
power house, and of their sewage and water- supply connections
has made it practicable during the last few weeks to complete
the grading, drainage, roads and paths about the power house,
and of the space between that building and the Elevated Railroad
station.
Satisfactory progress is being made in the construction of the
stone bridge across the valley of the Bronx River on the line of
the new driveway which will cross the Garden from west to east
north of the museum building and the hemlock forest. The
rubble masonry of this work is well advanced towards comple-
169
tion ; the stone used here is the surplus from excavations east of
the public conservatories made necessary by grading operations
for paths and plantations. The foundations of this bridge rest
immediately upon the stratum of gravel which underlies the val­ley.
The contract of the Park Department for this bridge is
with Mr. M. J. Leahy ; its design is by Mr. John R. Brinley,
landscape engineer.
Progress may also be reported in the work of building the cut
granite steps at six points along the terrace of the public con­servatories
and of the two large concrete- steel tanks for aquatic
plants in the court of those structures, both works under the con­tract
of the Park Department with Guidone and Galardi; the
path approaches to this terrace are being completed as rapidly
as the contract work on the steps permits ; the paths within the
court, which will surround the tanks, may be commenced in a
few weeks, and their completion will conclude all heavy construc­tion
work about these conservatories.
A contract of the Park Department with Hitchings and Co.
for the construction of the greenhouse needed to complete the
range of propagating houses at the nurseries is nearly completed,
and the building will be ready for operation early in August.
Members of the Garden staff took part in the field meeting of
botanists arranged by the Philadelphia Botanical Club at McCall's
Ferry, on the Susquehanna River, in southeastern Pennsylvania,
during the week of July 4, and considerable collections of both
herbarium specimens and living plants were obtained. The
occasion was a very enjoyable one and may form the basis of an
annual event, different regions being visited each year. About
twenty- five botanists were present at the meeting at one time or
another during the week, and much mutual advantage was
gained by the discussion of various topics, short meetings being
held in the evening for the formal consideration of observations
made during the day.
The total precipitation in the Garden for July, 1904, amounted
to 3.59 inches. Maximum temperatures of 820 on the 1st, 93" on
the 5th, 85.5° on the 17th, 930 on the 19th and 84° on the 31st
170
were recorded ; also minima of 520 on the 3rd, 56° on the 9th,
53.5° on the 14th, 58° on the 25th, and 50° on the 30th.
The temperature of the soil at a depth of 3 inches ranged
from 540 to 81° ; at a depth of 1 foot from 65" to 73".
The first shipment of the collections being made by Mr. R. S.
Williams in the Philippine Islands, consisting of two large cases
of herbarium specimens and seeds, reached the Garden in good
order a few weeks ago, and is now being studied, in connection
with collections sent by the Forestry Bureau at Manila, by Mr.
C. B. Robinson, under the direction of Dr. Britton. The speci­mens
were all obtained on the Island of Luzon. Mr. Williams
is continuing his work on that island, and writes that he has
shipped another box of specimens. He proposes to move to
one of the southern islands within a few months.
Mr. John A. Shafer, Ph. G., Custodian of the Museum, re­ceived
the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy ( Phar. D.) from the
University of Western Pennsylvania, at the commencement held
in Carnegie Hall, Pittsburg, June 16, 1904.
Prof. E. Burgess, of Normal College, was given the degree of
D. Sc, by Hamilton College at its last commencement in recog­nition
of his extensive botanical investigations.
flBembers of tbe Corporation.
PROF. N. L. BRITTON,
HON. ADDISON BROWN,
WM. L. BROWN,
ANDREW CARNEGIE,
PROF. CHAS. F. CHANDLER,
WM. G. CHOATE,
HON. EDWARD COOPER,
CHAS. F. COX,
JOHN J. CROOKE,
W. BAYARD CUTTING,
ROBERT W. DE FOREST,
CLEVELAND H. DODGE,
SAMUEL W. FAIRCHILD,
GEN. LOUIS FITZGERALD,
RICHARD W. GILDER,
HON. THOMAS F. GILROY,
HON. HUGH J. GRANT,
HENRY P. HOYT,
ADRIAN ISELIN, JR.,
MORRIS K. JESUP,
JOHN I. KANE,
EUGENE KELLY, JR.,
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP,
JOHN S. KENNEDY,
PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE,
HON. SETH LOW,
DAVID LYDIG,
EDGAR L. MARSTON,
D. 0. MILLS,
J. PIERPONT MORGAN,
TIIEO. W. MYERS,
GEO. M. OLCOTT,
PROF. HENRY F. OSBOR? J,
LOWELL M. PALMER,
GEORGE W. PERKINS,
JAMES R. PITCHER,
RT. REV. HENRY C. POTTBK
PERCY R. PYNE,
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER,
WM. ROCKEFELLER,
HON. HENRY A. ROGERS,
PROF. H. H. RUSBY,
JAMES A. SCRYMSER,
HENRY A. SIEBRECHT,
SAMUEL SLOAN,
WM. D. SLOANE,
NELSON SMITH,
DR. W. GILMAN THOMPSON,
LOUIS C. TIFFANY,
SAMUEL THORNE,
PROF. L. M. UNDERWOOD,
GEO. W. VANDERBILT,
WILLIAM H. S. WOOD.
P U B L I C A T I O N S
The New York Botanical Garden
Journal ol the New York Botanical Garden, monthly, illustrated, con­taining
notes, news and non- technical articles of general interest. Free to all mem­bers
of the Garden. Toothers, IO cents a copy; $ 1.00 a year. [ Not offered in
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of the Director- in- Chief and other official documents, and technical articles embodying
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No. 50. The spines of Fouquieria, by Miss \ V. J. Robinson.
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