Journal of the New York Botanical Garden

              Vol, VI OCTOBER, 1905 No. 70
JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
DANIEL TREMBLY MACDOUGAL
Assistant Director
CONTENTS
PAGE
Bermuda in September 153
Explorations in Utah 158
Hotes, News and Comment 165
Accessions 165
PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN
AT 41 NORTH QUEEN STREBT, LANCASTER, PA.
BY T H E NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
O F F I O K R S , 1905.
PRESIDENT— D. 0. MILLS,
VICE- PRESIDENT— ANDREW CARNEGIE,
TREASURER— CHARLES F. COX,
SECRETARY— N. L. BRITTON.
B O A R D OH- M A N A G E R S ,
1. ELECTED MANAGERS.
HON. ADDISON BROWN, J. PIERPONT MORGAN,
ANDREW CARNEGIE, GEORGE W. PERKINS,
W. BAYARD CUTTING, JAMES A. SCRYMSER,
ROBERT W. DE FOREST, SAMUEL SLOAN,
JOHN I. KANE, W. GILMAN THOMPSON,
D. 0. MILLS, SAMUEL THORNE.
2. EX- OFFICIO MANAGERS.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS,
HON. JOHN J. PALLAS.
THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK,
HON. GEORGE B. McCLELLAN.
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. L. M. UNDERWOOD, Chairman
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, PROF. J. F. KEMP,
PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE,
CHARLES F. COX, PROF. H. H. RUSBY,
HON. HENRY N. TIFFT.
G A R D E N S T A F F .
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director- in- Chief.
DR. D. T. MACDOUGAL, Assistant Director.
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Curator of the Museums.
DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Assistant Curator.
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Assistant Curator.
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Assistant Curator.
DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Curator.
GEORGE V. NASH, Head Gardener.
ANNA MURRAY VAIL, Librarian.
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Curator of the Economic Collections.
DR. WM. J. GIES, Consulting Chemist.
COL. F. A SCHILLING, Superintendent.
JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer.
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant.
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Editorial Assistant.
DR. JOHN A. SHAFER, Museum Custodian.
JOURNAL
The New York Botanical Garden
VOL. VI. October, 1905. No. 70.
BERMUDA IN SEPTEMBER.
To THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS.
Gentlemen: By permission of the President I visited the Ber­muda
Islands in September for the purposes of making some study
of the land flora of the archipelago and of its relationship to that
of the West Indies and that of the Southern States, and for
obtaining specimens and plants to illustrate it in our collections,
which hitherto had contained very little material from this inter­esting
isolated group of islands. I was accompanied by Mrs.
Britton and by Mr. Stewardson Brown, Curator of Botany in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and through their
aid was enabled to secure the largest botanical collection that has
yet been brought from Bermuda. We were absent from August
29 to September 22. Previous students of the Bermudian flora
had demonstrated the fact that a number of the wild plants of
the islands were endemic, occurring in the feral condition no­where
else in the world ; this was recognized, indeed, by Lin­naeus,
who in 1753 published scientific descriptions of the
Bermuda red cedar ( Juniperus Bermudiana); the Bermuda blue-eyed
grass ( Sisyrinchium Bermudianum); and of the Bermuda
bedstraw ( Galium Bermudianum); in 1829, Glazebrook ascer­tained
that the Bermuda palmetto ( Sabal Blackburnianum) was
different from the palmetto of the South Atlantic Coast and the
Bahamas, although he did not know that it was wild there. A
number of popular accounts of the flora were published from
1845 to 1884, the most noteworthy of these being the paper by
153
154
Governor Lefroy in Bulletin 25 of the United States National
Museum. Lefroy studied the plants very enthusiastically and
diligently during his six years' residence, and made considerable
collections of them. The only report approximating complete­ness
by a trained botanist, however, is the valuable paper by Mr.
W. B. Hemsley, now Keeper of the herbarium of the Royal
Gardens at Kew, published in the Reports of the cruise of H'. M.
S. " Challenger " in 1884, based upon collections made mainly by
Governor Lefroy and by Moseley, the naturalist of the Challenger
staff, who spent parts of three months in the spring, about 1873,
collecting on the Bermudas. Hemsley discovered that the Ber­muda
fleabane ( Erigeron Darrellianus), named in honor of a
member of a distinguished Bermuda family, and the Bermuda
sea lavender ( Limonium Lefroyi [ Statice Lefroyi Hemsley]),
which commemorates Lefroy's scientific work, were also re­stricted
to Bermuda, as well as the Bermuda sedge ( Carex
Bermudiana) ; Mr. J. G. Baker, former Keeper of the Kew
Herbarium, studied the ferns and contributed an account of them
to Mr. Hemsley's work, recording the endemic status of the
Bermuda shield- fern ( Dryopteris Bermudiana) ; the Bermuda
spleenwort ( Asplenium Laffanianum), named in honor of Gov­ernor
Laffan, and of the Bermuda maiden- hair fern ( Adiantum
bellum); Mr. Mitten studied the mosses and made out that one of
them ( Tortula Bermudiana) was in the same category. Thus
eleven of the native species of the islands were known to be
peculiar to them. A preliminary study of our collections indi­cates
that this list is not yet complete.
The total wild land flora of the islands, exclusive of fungi,
lichens and algae, comprises about 200 species. With the
exception of the endemic elements, its distribution is almost
wholly West Indian and Floridian, which indicates that it has
been mainly derived from the south and southwest, through
natural agencies well known to transport seeds or fruits through
long distances — migratory birds, ocean currents and hurricane
winds. With the exception of Erigeron Darrellianus and Carex
Bermudiana the eleven endemic species hitherto recorded have
close relatives indigenous in the West Indies or Florida, which
155
may have probably been their ancestors, or at any rate are of
common ancestry ; the two exceptions have no known immedi­ate
American relatives living.
The restriction of these eleven or more species to Bermuda
( and insular floras as is well known, are often, in large part, com­posed
of endemic species) gives text for a consideration of the
causes which effect the modification of a plant into a species dif­ferent
from its parents ; from the experiments and observations
of de Vries and MacDougal, we no longer need believe that the
change must necessarily be a very gradual one, occupying
thousands or tens of thousands of years ; a new species may be
evolved from an old one in a single generation, and if organized
so as to successfully dispute the right of way with its parent
species, may survive and ultimately displace the type which gave
it birth. The immediate cause or causes which induce this
mutation of species are as yet obscure, but the isolation of the
offspring species from the ancestral one is clearly not necessarily
one of them.
Let us take up the case of the Bermuda palmetto and follow
briefly its probable ancient history. A hurricane uproots a fruiting
Floridian or Bahamian palmetto ( Sabal Palmetto) and carries it
into the sea; the Gulf Stream carries the wreck northeastward,
the winds cause it to drift more seaward and it is ultimately cast
up in a marshy place upon the old Bermudian shore ; its fruits
have maintained the life of the seed within them, and one or
more of these seeds germinate, and grow into palmettos ; either
these original palmettos of Bermuda, or some of their offspring
mutate ; the new palmetto is better adapted to the climate, or soil
of Bermuda, or to both the climate and soil, and it survives,
giving us Sabal Blackburniana instead of Sabal Palmetto. As the
Bermuda tree is more elegant than its ancestor, loyal Bermudians
will doubtless rejoice that mutation has taken place and produced
one of the most interesting plants of their islands, a feature which
does not fail to attract the attention of all observant visitors.
The natural landscapes of Bermuda, though in general uniform,
are charming and indeed sufficiently varied to be thoroughly
enjoyable; the rounded hills, rising in places to above 250 feet,
156
alternate with basin- like swales and glades; they are mainly of
gentle contour, though locally we see bold cliffs, precipitous to
the water. The coast lines, while mainly rocky, are locally white
sand beaches, extending in some places a considerable distance
back from the sea; the harbors and Sound are irregular in out­line,
dotted with numerous islets. Over all is spread what seems
from the sea a dark green mantle broken only by the white
limestone houses which dot it very conspicuously. This mantle
is the Bermuda red cedar, one of the most characteristic nat­ural
features ; after exploring a little, the mantle is seen to be
not quite as continuous as it at first appears, but there are doubt­less
more individual red cedar trees than of all other kinds of
trees wild or planted collectively; some of them are of great
size, especially in the Devonshire marshes. Mangrove trees,
identical with those of Florida and the West Indies, fringe the
banks of coves and creeks and the borders of salt and brackish
marshes. The rarest trees of the islands are the olive- wood
( Elaeodendron sp.), the yellow- wood ( Fagara flava), nettle- tree
( Celtis sp.) and the wild red mulberry ( Morus sp.), now confined
to a very interesting ridge east of Harrington Sound, which
harbors also numerous kinds of shrubs and lowly plants as well,
including rare and fascinating ferns and mosses, hidden away in
the caves and crevices which abound in this interesting region,
known as the " Walsingham Tract" ; it was made a special study
by Governor Lefroy, who, writing in 1879, says : " This remark­able
region is a narrow ridge, about two miles long and from a
quarter to half a mile wide, which separates Castle Harbor from
Harrington Sound, and does not altogether comprise above 200
acres. It contains nearly the whole of the indigenous vegetation
of the group."
Such a unique region must always be a place of great interest,
and it should be preserved in its natural condition as a point of
attraction and reverence. Since Governor Lefroy's writing, it
has become menaced by cultivation, agricultural operations being
now in progress at points within very short distances of some of
its best natural features. " Walsingham Park " would at once
become an additional attraction to. visitors and its cost might
157
readily be partly or wholly defrayed by an admittance charge
and by the income from proper concessions, put to the credit of
a sinking fund ; suitable roads and paths could be laid out through
it without damaging its natural beauty and interest; the views
afforded by these both over Castle Harbor and Harrington Sound
are among the most attractive on the islands; it is accessible from
Hamilton or St. George's, the two largest towns, either by land
or by water.
Another unique natural feature, on a very much smaller scale,
is the remarkable growth of the palmetto in Paget Marsh, a
very short distance from Hamilton ; here also a considerable
number of rare plants exist, including an evergreen tree related
to the northern cherries not seen by us elsewhere. But the
growth of the palmetto here is simply wonderful, and the reser­vation
of a few acres of this swale is also very desirable, as it
likewise is in proximity to cultivation and has been threatened
by fire.
The exotic plants of Bermuda include a very great variety of
species from tropical and subtropical lands, most of them grow­ing
luxuriantly and including many notable and- instructive ex­amples.
This already great variety will doubtless be increased
through the work of the recently established experimental gar­dens,
now under the able management of Mr. T. J. Harris, who
brings to it, from his former duties in the Department of Public
Gardens and Plantations of Jamaca, wide experience and critical
knowledge of tropical agriculture and horticulture. The export­able
products of the islands, now mainly potatoes, onions, lily-bulbs,
and arrow- root, will be improved and their cultivation
made more successful, and other elements will be added through
scientific experimentation and suggestion.
The collections made by us include museum and herbarium
specimens, seeds and living- plants of about 400 species, illustrated
by more than 3,000 specimens, including many duplicates, some
of which go to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel­phia,
whose cooperation gave the expedition the efficient services
of Mr. Stewardson Brown, and the remainder may be used in
exchange with other institutions. A visit of the same duration
158
some February or March would yield specimens of a consider­able
number of species not to be found during the summer. We
received a most cordial reception in Bermuda ; our thanks are
especially tendered to the Hon. Eyre Hutson, Colonial Secre-retary,
to Mr. Harris, Superintendent of the experimental gar­dens,
to Mr. Nicholas L. Peniston, of Paynters Vale, and to Mr.
F. T. Frith, Librarian of the Public Library, Hamilton.
The seaweed flora of Bermuda was studied by Dr. Marshall
A. Howe, assistant curator, during the summer of 1900, who
at that time made extensive collections which have since been
placed in our museums and herbarium.
It was a matter of keen regret that our visit was subsequent
to this season's session of the Biological Laboratory conducted
by New York University and Harvard University under the
direction of Professor Bristol and Professor Mark. The build­ings
are beautifully and advantageously located on a tidal strait,
the outlet of Harrington Sound.
Respectfully submitted,
N. L. BRITTON,
Director- in- chief.
EXPLORATIONS IN UTAH.
DR. N. L. BRITTON, DIRECTOR- IN- CHIEF.
Sir: In accordance with your permission and directions I
started the twenty- ninth of May of this year on a botanical ex­ploration
trip to Utah, which lasted nearly three months. The
trip was undertaken mainly to give me the opportunity of a per­sonal
visit to this part of the Rocky Mountain region. While
I had spent seven summers in the Rocky Mountains and adjacent
country, principally in Montana, Colorado, western Nebraska and
the Black Hills of South Dakota, and also made shorter stays
in Wyoming and Idaho, I had botanized only two days within
the state of Utah, one at Logan and one in the Echo Can on.
The field was therefore practically new to me.
Utah, together with Southern Idaho, constitutes the part of
the Rocky Mountain region least well known botanically of all.
159
Very little botanical collecting has been done in the state, except
what was done by Dr. Sereno Watson principally in the north­eastern
portion of the state in 1868 and 1869, during the expedi­tion
commanded by Clarence King; by Dr. Edward Palmer and
Dr. C. C. Parry in the extreme southwestern part, the former in
1870 and 1877, the latter in 1874; and by Professor Marcus E.
Jones, a resident botanist of Salt Lake City. The regions west
and southwest of Great Salt Lake are practically unknown, and
the same can almost be said about the part of the state southeast
of the Colorado River. My intention was to spend most of the
time in the district southwest of Great Salt Lake along the new
San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad. My plans
were changed later, however, for reasons given below.
A round trip ticket to San Francisco and Los Angeles at the
time of my starting, cost only a few dollars more than one to
Salt Lake City. I therefore bought a ticket reading over the
two first mentioned places, especially as you thought it advisable
to visit the California Academy of Sciences and make arrange­ment
for exchanges with that institution.
On my way I stopped for a day at Laramie, Wyoming, to
make a visit to the State University. I spent a very pleasant
time with Professor Aven Nelson and saw nearly all of the types
of his new species, of which, there are not cotypes in the her­barium
of the Garden. This will help me considerably in my
work on a manual of Rocky Mountain botany.
On the third of June I arrived at Salt Lake City. Awaiting the
arrival of Professor E. C. Carlton, of Gustavus Adolphus College,
St. Peter, Minn., who was to act as my assistant during the sum­mer,
I set out to collect in the vicinity of Salt Lake City. During
these trips I was usually accompanied by Professor O. Garrett, of
the Salt Lake City high school. Although Professor Garrett's
botanical interests are directed in a different line from mine, his
speciality being the rusts and smuts, this collaboration I think
was of mutual benefit. The foot- hills and outer mountains facing
the Salt Lake Valley are practically destitute of woods. They
are, however, covered more or less by shrubs, in some places
scattered, in others forming dense chaparrals. These are mostly
160
made up of Quercus Utahensis in the foot- hills and of Ceanothus
velutinus on the higher ridges. The pine, spruce and aspen
woods are mostly confined to the higher mountains, especially
those at some distance from the valleys, and the cottonwood
groves to the river banks and the canons. The foot- hills are dry,
and their flora is made up principally of plants characteristic of
the Great Basin. Shrubs belonging to this class, as the different
kinds of sage- brush and rabbit- brush ( Artemisia and Chrysotham-nus),
were common quite high up. I afterwards found that the
general character of the foot- hills and lower mountains was the
same in all parts of Utah that I visited, only that farther south
the place of the oak was often taken by junipers and pifions.
In order to find typical Rocky Mountain vegetation, i. e., to
reach what Merriam calls the Canadian Zone, one must go up
into the mountains, several miles from the open valleys.
One day in the afternoon we reached Beck's Hot Springs; the
water is strongly charged with sulphur and the soil around the
springs and the lake below is strongly impregnated by salts and
alkalies. Here we found a peculiar flora, not to be met with
except in the neighborhood of Great Salt Lake and similar re­gions.
The characteristic plants here belong mostly to the Cheno­podiaceae
and are more or less fleshy, as Spirostachys occidentalis,
Kochia vestita, Sarcobatus vermicularis and species of Dondia and
Atriplex. On the road- bed of the Denver and Rio Grande Rail­road,
we found a large white poppy, Argemone hispida, in great
profusion ; while along the Oregon Short Line and Salt Lake
City and Odgen Railroad, only a few rods distant on either side,
not a single specimen was found. The explanation may be found
in the fact that the line of the first named road from Salt Lake
City to Ogden is of a more recent origin and the gravel to make
up the road- bed across a marsh had evidently been brought in
from some other locality ; another striking illustration of the dis­persion
of plants indirectly by the agency of man.
Through some misunderstanding, Professor Carlton did not
meet me at Salt Lake City, but had proceeded from Portland,
where he visited the Lewis and Clark Exposition, to San Fran­cisco.
I had intended to continue my journey to that place later
161
in the summer, but as the time of the visit was unimportant, I
started as soon as I had received the information that Mr. Carl­ton
was there. During my stay in San Francisco I visited the
California Academy of Sciences and met Miss Eastwood and also
Mrs. Brandegee, in the herbarium. I easily made arrangements
for future exchanges with the institution, and saw a small part of
the collections, especially of Saxifragaceae, the latter valuable on
account of the forthcoming monograph by Dr. Small and myself
in the North American Flora. Miss Eastwood invited us to make
a trip the following day to Mount Tamalpais. We had a very
enjoyable and profitable tramp, and it is no wonder that Miss
Eastwood and other San Franciscans are proud of their moun­tain.
I shall not try to describe its flora, as it is outside of the
scope of the summer's exploration.
From San Francisco we returned by way of Los Angeles.
From the latter place to Salt Lake City we travelled on the San
Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad, which took us
through the desert regions of southeastern California and south­ern
Nevada, a very interesting but inhospitable country. At
Las Vegas, Nevada, the train stopped for about half an hour,
which I used in collecting around the station, but I did not find
more than a dozen species in all. The only woody plant was a
species of Prosopis.
We stopped for a day at Milford, in southwestern Utah. We
had intended to spend some time in this part of the state, but I
thought it scarcely worth the time and effort. The season was
very dry and the spring flora was altogether gone by this time.
In this part of Utah very few flowers bloom in the middle of sum­mer.
Most flowers bloom in the spring immediately after the
early rains, and a number of shrubby plants, mostly composites,
bloom in the fall from August to November. For these we were
too early. The specimens we secured from the plains consisted
mostly of a few species of Cactaceae and Malvaceae. The flora
of the mountain east of Milford, which we visited, was nearly
identical with that of the mountains around Salt Lake City.
On the twenty- third of June we arrived at Salt Lake City
where we stayed a few days to complete our camp outfit and to
162
provision. On the twenty- sixth we secured a team which took
us thirty miles up into the mountains. We camped near Silver
Lake, near the headwaters of the Big Cottonwood Creek. Here
we were joined by Professor Garrett and stayed about two weeks.
The Big Cottonwood and its tributaries run through a number of
small lakes and the canons and valleys are surrounded by moun­tains
of an altitude of 9,000- 12,000 feet. Our collection was rich
in specimens, although the flowers of the alpine flora were not
in bloom as yet. I have made arrangements with Professor Gar­rett
who was to spend the month of August in this region to col­lect
a set of the plants blooming later.
After our return from Salt Lake City we took the train to
Garfield one day, and collected on the salt marshes and sand
dunes along Great Salt Lake.
On July 18 we took the train to Marysvale, which served as
our headquarters for the remaining part of the summer. After
having collected a few days in the valley of Sevier River around'
Marysvale, we secured a team which took us up into the Bullion
Canon. Our outfit was transported by wagon for eight miles,
i. e., as far as there was a wagon road, and then for a mile or two
on pack horses. We collected both in the canon of the Bullion
Creek and on the surrounding mountains, and secured a valuable
collection of specimens. Our camp was situated about 8,000 feet
above the sea, and we climbed several mountains ranging from
10,000- 12,600 feet. The highest of these was Delano Peak, the
third in height of the range. We intended to climb Mt. Belknapp
and Baldy Mountain, both over 13,000 feet, and started out one
day to do so. By taking a wrong trail we found ourselves on a
ridge separated from them by a deep canon. Seeing that the
upper parts of both mountains were covered by loose rocks and
apparently without any vegetation, we did not think it worth the
effort of either crossing the canon or retracing our steps to the
junction of the trail leading to Mt. Belknapp.
After our return to Marysvale we started out for a trip to the
Aquarius Plateau and Fish Lake. The former, as far as I know,
had not been visited by any botantist. A few very interesting
plants had been picked up there by the distinguished geologist
163
Dr. Lester F. Ward, and we expected much from the trip. We
received the information that there were no roads there, there­fore
we secured three saddle horses, three pack mules and a boy
to take care of the animals. However, we found that a fairly
good road had been made to the top of the plateau to a dairy-ranch,
which was run there during the summer. A part of the
plateau is now a government forest reserve, but cattle and
sheep are allowed to be pastured on certain parts, which, of
course, left us very little to collect. Nobody, who has not
seen it with his own eyes, can get an idea of the appearance of
the land after a herd of from 10,000 to 40,000 sheep have passed
over it, for scarcely a blade of grass or anything else living is
left. We had a day of fairly good collecting toward the edge
of the plateau, but on the other days we secured very little. We
did not stay as long as we intended, but decided to proceed to
Fish Lake. We could choose between three ways. The way
least troublesome was to retrace our steps down into the valley
of the East Fork of Sevier River, follow this down to the reser­voir
and then up the Grass Valley to the base of the Fish Lake
Plateau, but this way meant two extra days of travel. The
shortest way led north along the edge of the plateau, but there
was only one place where water could be had ; if we should miss
the little spring at the head of Dry Wash, or find it dry, we should
have to go without water for two days. The third way was to
go northeast to Bean or Antelope Spring, from there to Loa, in
the Rabbit Valley and from there to Fish Lake. We selected
the route last mentioned and were told to take the right hand
trails and keep well towards the east. We did this so well that
we missed Bean Springs, passing east thereof, and had to ride the
whole day without water. Late in the evening we reached the
Rabbit Valley, near Thurber, seven miles southeast of Loa, and
late at night the following day we reached Fish Lake which
is situated about 10,000 feet above the sea. The collecting
around the lake and along the brooks running into the same
was fairly good, that on the Fish Lake Plateau, was fair on
the east side but very poor on the west side. Sheep are not
allowed here, it being a forest reserve, but some herders had
164
violated the law and one of the rangers of the reserve, whom we
met a few days later, told us that two of the sheep owners had
to answer before the courts for their trespasses.
From Fish Lake we moved into the valley of Seven Mile
Creek, camping at the base of Mt. Marvin. We climbed this
mountain but found scarcely anything to collect, the upper half
being bare rocks and large fields of broken lava. We intended
to visit two other neighboring mountains, but were discouraged
by the poor luck we had here, and proceeded to Richfield, the
nearest railroad station. Here I took the train to Marysvale to
settle our accounts.
The following day we took the train for Nephi, which is situ­ated
near the foot of Mt. Nebo. Although the mountain is only a
little over 12,000 feet, it seems much higher, rising abruptly from
a valley not 5,000 feet above the sea. Knowing from experi­ence
that the side facing the valley as a rule is much poorer bo­tanically
than the opposite side, we secured a horse and buggy,
drove about twelve miles around the southern end of the moun­tain
and up into a canon on the east side. We started the climb­ing
of the mountain about eleven o'clock and Mr. Carlton reached
the top about five o'clock P. M. I being in speaking distance
below, asked him if he found anything of interest where he was.
His answer being that there were no plants different from those
where I was, we decided to return so that we could reach the
bottom of the canon before dark. We had climbed the moun­tain
along some ridges, and now made the descent following a
little stream ; this soon entered a steep canon, and made more
than a dozen waterfalls from twenty to forty feet high, making
the journey very perilous. A peculiarity of the flora of Mt.
Nebo was that we did not find more than one truly alpine plant,
although the mountain reached more than a thousand feet above
timber- line. The flora consisted mostly in species of Eriogonum,
Erigeron, Artemisia, Lupinus, Macronema and other plants char­acteristic
of the plains, foot- hills and lower mountains. Even the
sage brush reached here an altitude of nearly 10,000 feet.
As it now was very near the time when I had to return to
New York, we did not think it advisable to undertake to visit
165
any other mountain, but returned to Salt Lake City. Here I
stayed only one day to arrange our affairs, and returned to New
York.
P. A. RYDBERG,
Assistant Curator.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT.
Dr E. J. Durand, of Cornell University, was at the Garden
during two weeks in September, carrying on some special work
on Fungi.
Dr. B. E. Livingston, of the Bureau of Soils, U. S. Depart­ment
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, spent September at the
Garden upon some investigations of the effect of water of swamps
and bogs upon the growth of plants.
Professor McCloskey, of Princeton University, spent a few
days at the Garden during the last month consulting the library.
Mr. Perley Spaulding, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Wash­ington,
D. C, spent a few days at the Garden in the latter part
of September, in an examination of the Polyporaceae.
The total precipitation in the Garden during September, 1905,
amounted to 6.09 inches. Maximum temperatures of 840 on the
10th, 83" on the 13th, 840 on the 22d, and 890 on the 30th,
were observed; also minima of 60" on the 2d, 53.5° on the
10th, 42° on the 15th, 470 on the 24th, and 370 on the 27th.
ACCESSIONS.
LIBRARY ACCESSIONS FROM JULY 15 TO SEPTEMBER 23.
BECK VON MANNAGETTA, GUNTHER RITTER. Flora von Bosnien der Herzegowina
und des Sandzaks Novipazar. I. Wien, 1904. ( Given by Dr. L. M. Underwood.)
BECK VON MANNAGETTA, GUNTHER RITTER. Grundriss der Naturgeschichte des
Pflanzenreiches. 2d edition. Wien, 1905. ( Given by Dr. L. M. Underwood.)
Broteria. Vol. I. Lisboa, 1902.
BURR, FEARING, JR, The field and garden. Boston, 1865. ( Given by Mr.
Martin Eiche.)
CHRISTENSEN, CARL. Index filicum. Fasciculus 1- 3. Hafniae, 1905.
CLEMENTS, FREDERIC EDWARD. Research methods in ecology. Lincoln, 1905.
166
CONZATTI, C. Losgeneros vegetates Mexicanos. Vol. I . Mexico, 1903- 5.
DANA, SAMUEL L. A muck manual for farmers. 5th ed. New York, 1855.
( Given by Mr. Martin Eiche.)
DARLINGTON, WILLIAM. American weeds and useful plants. 2d ed. New
York, 1859. ( Given by Mr. Martin Eiche.)
DELAGE, IVES. Uhirediti. Paris, 1903.
DES CARS, A. Tree pruning. Translated from the seventh French edition, by
Charles S. Sargent. London, 1893.
EASTWOOD, ALICE. A handbook of the trees of California. San Francisco,
1905. ( Given by the author.)
FLINT, CHARLES L. Grasses and forage plants. Boston, 1867. ( Given by Mr.
Martin Eiche.)
Gardening. London, 1880- 1892. 13 vols.
GARVENS, WILHELM. Kaffee, Kultur, Handel und Bereitung im Produktions-iandc.
Hannover, 1905.
GIBSON, WILLIAM HAMILTON. Our native orchids with descriptive text elab­orated
from the author's notes, by Helena Leeming Jelliffe. New York, 1905.
GRAY, ASA. Field, forest and garden botany. New York, 1869. ( Given by
Mr. Martin Eiche.)
GRAY, ASA. Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable
physiology. Fifth revised edition. New York, 1870. ( Given by Mr. Martin
Eiche.)
GRAY, ASA. Manual of the botany of the northern United States. Fourth re­vised
edition. New York, 1870. ( Given by Mr. Martin Eiche.)
HALLIER, HANS. Neue Schlaglichter auf das natiirliche System der Dikotyle-donen.
Gera- Untermhaus, 1905.
HENDERSON, PETER. Garden and farm topics. New York, 1884. ( Given by
Mr. Martin Eiche.)
HOLE, S. REYNOLDS. A book about roses. Third edition. Edinburgh and Lon­don,
1870. ( Given by Mr. Martin Eiche.)
HOOPES, JOSIAH. The book of evergreens. New York ( 1868). ( Given by Mr.
Martin Eiche.)
HOSACK, DAVID. Outline of the Linnean System; arranged for the use of the
students of Rutgers Medical College. New York, no date. ( Given by Miss Vail.)
INDEX KEWENSIS. Supplemento secundum : Leucocoryne- Zygostates et emendanda
addenda. Oxonii, 1905.
IRELAND. Official guide to the Northern Counties. { Botany by R. Lloyd
Praeger.) Fifth edition, Belfast, 1905. ( Given by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.)
JOHNSON, SAMUEL W. HOW crops grow. New York ( 1868). ( Given by Mr.
Martin Eiche.)
LISTER, ARTHUR. Guide to the British Mycetozoa exhibited in the Department
of Botany, British Museum [ Natural History}. Second edition. London, 1905.
( Given by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.)
LONG, ELIAS A. Ornamental gardening for Americans. New York, 1893.
( Given by Mr. Martin Eiche.)
MARTIUS, HEINRICH VON. Prodromusfloraes Mosquensis. Editio altera. Lip­siae,
1817.
167
MARTIUS, K. F. P H . VON. Die Pfianzen und Thiere des tropischen America.
Miinchen, 1831.
MASSEE, G., & CROSSLAND, C The fungus- flora of Yorkshire. London, 1905.
( Given by Dr. L. M. Underwood.)
MIQUEL, F. A. W. Systema Piperacearum 1- 2. Roterdami, 1843- 4.
Our farm of four acres. From the twelfth London edition. New York, 1865.
( Given by Mr. Martin Eiche.)
PETERSON, MAUDE GRIDLEY. HOW to know the wild fruits. New York, 1905.
POTONIE, H. Die flora des Rothleigenden von Thiiringen. Berlin, 1903.
Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, J8g6- i8gg. Reports. Vol. 8.
Botany. Parts /- j. Princeton and Stuttgart, 1903- 5. ( Given by the author.)
3 vols.
ROBINSON, W. The parks, promenades and gardens of Paris. London, 1869.
( Given by Mr. Martin Eiche.)
SMITH, J. J. Die Orchideen von Java [ Flora von Buitenzorg, Vol. 6.) Leiden,
1905.
SMITH, WORTHINGTON G. Guide to Sowerby's models of British Fungi in the
Department of Botany, British Museum [ Natural History"). London, 1889. ( Given
by Dr. J. H. Barnhart.)
STEFFEN, JUAN. Viages i estudios en la region hidrografica del Rio Pueblo.
Santiago de Chile, 1S98.
THOMAS, J. T- Rural affairs ; a practical and copiously illustrated register of
rural economy and rural taste. Albany, 1876- 1881. 9 vols. ( Given by Mr.
Martin Eiche.)
TREVIRANUS, LUDOLF CHRISTIAN. Physiologie der Gezvachse. Bonn, 1835- 8.
2 vols.
TWINING, ELIZABETH. The plant world. London, 1866. ( Given by Mr.
Martin Eiche.)
VAUX, CALVERT. Villas and cottages. New York, 1864. ( Given by Mr.
Martin Eiche.)
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flDembers of tbe Corporation.
PROF. N. L. BRITTON,
HON. ADDISON BROWN,
WM. L. BROWN,
ANDREW CARNEGIE,
PROF. CHAS. F. CHANDLER,
WM. G. CHOATE,
HON. EDWARD COOPER,
CHAS. F. COX,
JOHN J. CROOKE,
W. BAYARD CUTTING,
ROBERT W. DE FOREST,
HENRY W. DE FOREST,
CLEVELAND H. DODGE,
SAMUEL W. FAIRCHILD,
GEN. LOUIS FITZGERALD,
RICHARD W. GILDER,
HON. THOMAS F. GILROY,
HON. HUGH J. GRANT,
HENRY GRAVES,
HENRY P. HOYT,
ADRIAN ISELIN, JR.,
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JOHN I. KANE,
EUGENE KELLY, JR.,
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PROF. L. M. UNDERWOOD,
GEO. W. VANDERBILT,
WILLIAM H. S. WOOD.
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