Vol. XXIII February, 1922 No. 266
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
EDITOR
R. S. WILLIAMS
Administrative Assistant
CONTENTS
PAGE
The Witch Hazels 17
Wild Pumpkins 19
The Collins Collection of Algae 23
Publications of the Staff, Scholars and Students of the New York Botan­ical
Garden for the year 1921 25
Greenhouse Lectures, March and April, 1922 30
Conference Notes 31
Notes, News and Comment 31
Accessions 32
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SECRETARY— N. L. BRITTON
1. ELECTED MANAGERS
Term expires January, 1923
EDWARD D. ADAMS JOHN L. MERRILL
ROBERT W. de FOREST J. P. MORGAN
DANIEL GUGGENHEIM F. K. STURGIS
Term expires January, 1924
N. L. BRITTON LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS
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THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
HON. JOHN F. HYLAN
THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PARKS
HON. FRANCIS DAWSON GALLATIN
3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS
PROF. R. A. HARPER, Chairman
EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE
DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER HON. ANNING S. PRALL
PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES PROF. HERBERT M. RICHARDS
PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. HENRY H. RUSBY
G A R D E N S T A F F
DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director- in- Chief ( Development, Administration)
DR. H. A. GLEASON, Assistant Director ( Administration)
DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums ( Flowering Plants)
DR. W. A. MURRILL, Supervisor of Public Instruction
DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator ( Flowering Plants)
DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator ( Flowerless Plants)
DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator ( Flowerless Plants)
ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant
PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator
JAMES A. CRAWFORD. Associate Curator
DR. A. B. STOUT, Director of the Laboratories
DR. JOHN HENDLEY BARNHART, Bibliographer
KENNETH R. BOYNTON, Head Gardener
SARAH H. HARLOW, Librarian
DR. H. H. RUSBY, Honorary Curator of the Economic Collections
ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, Honorary Curator of Mosses
DR. ARTHUR HOLLICK, Paleobotanist
COL. F. A. SCHILLING, Museum Custodian
JOHN R. BRINLEY, Landscape Engineer
WALTER S. GROESBECK, Clerk and Accountant
ARTHUR J. CORBETT, Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds
JOURNAL
OF
The New York Botanical Garden
VOL. XXIII February, 1922 No. 266
THE WITCH HAZELS
Our native witch hazel, botanically known as Hamamelis
virginiana, has long been known and admired for its interest­ing
habit of blooming in late autumn, opening its yellow flowers
in October and continuing in bloom until about Thanksgiving.
These flowers are produced from winter buds, which in most
plants lie dormant until spring. As well as being the latest
plant to bloom during the year, witch hazel may actually be
considered the earliest, appearing four months before its closest
rival, the skunk cabbage, and five months ahead of the hepatica.
At the same autumn season the fruits, developed from flowers
of the preceding year, ripen and are equally interesting owing
to the explosive dispersal of the seeds. Unopened fruits, brought
into a warm dry room, soon discharge the smooth black seeds
and propel them as far as 40 feet. The best way to observe
this action is to place the fruits on a saucer of dry sand, aiming
them at an elevation of about 45 degrees, and setting the saucer
near a radiator in a corner of the room.
There are four other species of witch hazel known, and three
of them can be observed in the shrub collection of the New York
Botanical Garden. Unlike the native species, these three bloom
in the early spring and were in full bloom February 13, 1921.
The Japanese witch hazel, Hamamelis japonica, has lemon
yellow petals. The Chinese species, Hamamelis mollis, has
deep yellow petals, suffused with red at the base, especially
on the outer surface, and its flowers are delightfully fragrant.
The Ozark witch hazel, Hamamelis vernalis, has petals of a dark
17
18
orange- red ( Pompeian red of Ridgway), or yellow towards their
tips, and its flowers are much smaller than any of the others.
The four species are wonderfully alike in their foliage, fruit,
and the structure of their flowers. The fifth species, Hamamelis
incarnata, is also Asiatic, blooms in the spring, and has red flowers.
The five together illustrate some important features in the
development of plant life in the north temperate zone, extend­ing
back more than a million years into the Tertiary period.
Fossil evidence indicates that there were witch hazels then as
now, and among them were undoubtedly the direct ancestors of
our five modern species. How many species may have developed
during that time can only be conjectured, but the great similar­ity
of the existing ones makes it seem entirely possible that
they had a single common ancestor during this preglacial time.
Through the long Tertiary period, when a mild climate extend­ed
north to latitude 80 and land bridges connected America with
the Old World, our ancestral witch hazels migrated freely through
the northern hemisphere, and were probably found throughout
Europe, Asia, and America. Then came the glacial period
with its several advances and retreats of the ice. The genial
Tertiary climate of Alaska, Greenland, and Kamschatka be­came
arctic, migration between Asia and America via Bering
Strait ceased, and the Asiatic and American witch hazels were
henceforth separated. Those of the western halves of the two
continents were exterminated, and witch hazel was left only in
eastern America and eastern Asia. The same fate befell hun­dreds
of other species of plants at the same time, so that even
today California and Europe contain a poor representation of
the old Tertiary flora. The eastern states preserve a larger
number, but the greatest number of these old types persist in
the rich flora of eastern Asia.
Separated into two races, the descendants of our ancestral
witch hazel have had thousands of years for further evolution,
and they have used it. The actual details and method of their
evolution is of course unknown. It may have involved mutation,
orthogenesis, or hybridization, but in any case- it was certainly
favored by natural selection and by geographic isolation.
Two of the Asiatic species are still rather similar; but differ
from the third; the two American ones are quite different. The
Ozark species, preserving its spring- flowering habit, must be the
19
older species, and it is strange that it should be now restricted to
the Ozark mountains, while our eastern witch hazel is generally
distributed from the Missouri Valley to the Atlantic. There
are other old species which have similarly found a sanctuary in
the Ozark region, as well as many newer ones, which seem to
have developed there in postglacial times.
Their habits of blooming in late fall or early spring is remark­able.
It is not probable that plants bloomed at such unseason­able
times in the long summers of the tertiary period. Now
several of our trees have the habit, and our willows, elms, and
silver maples open their flowers in March. Even herbaceous
plants, like the hepatica, bloodroot, skunk cabbage, and anemone,
bloom before spring has really opened, and some of them com­plete
their year's growth and disappear by the middle of summer.
Why do plants behave in this way? When and why did they
acquire the habit?
It is fair to presume that it is in some way a result of the
glacial period and of natural selection through that time. One
theory has been advanced that a short summer compelled plants
to start their activities at the earliest possible date in the spring.
Another theory holds that these woodland plants could get
sufficient light for their proper growth and development only
in the early spring, before the forest trees above them had un­folded
their leaves. Neither theory has been proved or support­ed
by convincing evidence; readers may adopt either or reject
both. Certain it is, though, that four of the witch hazels use
the first warm days of late winter or earliest spring for flowering,
and our native one even goes so far as to bloom the preceding
autumn. No Japanese witch hazel can get ahead of a loyal
American plant!
H. A. GLEASON.
WILD PUMPKINS
HAVE WE FOUND THE ORIGINAL HOME OF THIS GARDEN ESCULENT?
Notwithstanding the vast amount of literature that has been
published on the early history of the world's cultivated plants,
the origin of most of our staple vegetables and fruits is shrouded
in mystery.
20
The homely pumpkin is no exception to this rule. Its origin
must still remain a problem, perhaps, even though it should be
shown that, like modern man, pumpkins also had ancestors
who lived in trees.
Referring to the history of the pumpkin it has been said: 1
" If we consider the stability of types, and the record of variations
that appear in cultivated plants, and the additional fact that
so far as determined the originals of cultivated types have their
prototype in nature, and are not the products of culture, it seems
reasonable to suppose that the record of the appearance of types
will throw light upon the country of their origin. From this
standpoint, we may hence conclude that, as the present types
[ pumpkins] have all been recorded in the Old World since the
fifteenth century, and were not recorded before the fourteenth
and succeeding centuries, there must be a connection between
the fact of the discovery of America, and the fact of the appear­ance
of pumpkins and squashes in Europe."
Reporting on a collecting excursion to Lake Okeechobee in
1913, the writer said1 " Various vines struggle to the tops of the
trees for sunlight, the more conspicuous are, a kind of gourd, and
still more surprising a high- climbing dewflower ( Commelina)."'
The kind of " gourd" was found in the hammocks of the four
islands of Lake Okeechobee and in the hammocks of the southern
and eastern shores. An examination of a collection made on the
southern shore of the lake a year previous brought the same
plant to our attention. Repeated superficial studies of the
specimens brought out little definite information and they were
put away for future consideration. On a subsequent excursion
to Lake Okeechobee in May, 19171, we again found this " gourd"
in the dense hammocks of the southern shore of Lake Okeecho­bee,
and also in those of the southwestern shore.
In the meantime, there had come to our attention a certain old
Spanich record of exploration in Florida— a " memoir" of Her­nando
de Escalante Fontaneda— written in Spain about the
year 1575, and therein it is written " We still speak of the coun­try
towards Abalachi, which is in the direction of Pa'nuco,
1 E. L. Sturtevant, The History of Garden Vegetables in American Nat­uralist,
24: 739. 1890.
journal of the New York Botanical Garden 15: 72- 73. 1914.
1 The American Museum Journal, 28: 6S4- 700. 1918.
21
where resounds the fame of its abundance o£ pearls; and it is
certain that they do exist. Between Havalachi and Olagale is
a river the Indians call Guasacaesgui, which means in our lang­uage,
Rio de Canas ( river of canes). On this river, arm of the
sea, and coast, are the pearls, which are got in certain oysters
and Conchs. They are carried to all the provinces and villages
of Florida, but principally to Tocobaja, the nearest town; be­cause
in it resides the King, who is chief cacique of the region
lying on the right- hand side coming to Havana. He is called
Toco- ajachile, has many vassals, and is an independent king."
Now in a note the translator says: " The town Tocobaja was at
the entrance of a river, twenty leagues from the coast, on an arm
of the sea.* The ships of the admiral were piloted up to it in
the night time by an Indian of Calos. This bay should be what
is now called Charlotte Harbor."
" The word to- co- ba a chile are Chanata, and signify, in their
succession, " gourd place bringing forth" or " Country- where
gourds- are- produced."
When we came to study our specimens seriously it was found
that the foliage and flowers of our " gourd" could not be distin­guished
front those of the cultivated pumpkin! At first sight,
however, the fruits did not suggest those of that common garden
plant. Yet, upon close examination they did appear to be
diminutive pumpkins, even the seeds being the same as those of
the pumpkin we cultivate.
The fruits are spheroidal, varying in size from that of a stand­ard
base- ball to that of a croquet ball. They are pale yellow
and sometimes variegated with green markings.
The interpretation of the geography of the early Spanish ad­ventures
is usually somewhat uncertain. But, without doubt,
the pumpkin we discovered near Lake Okeechobee about the
beginning of the twentieth century is the same as the " gourd"
referred to in the memoirs of Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda
way back in the sixteenth century or within a century after
Christopher Columbus discovered the New World.
There seems to be no good reason, therefore, for doubting that
we really have discovered the pumpkin's Garden of Eden. This
* A stream, " Flumen Pacis," is represented on the map of Le Moyne
that well answers for this river, which possibly may have been so called
at that time. Have we in the name the original of " Peas creek"?
22
is so especially in view of the fact that the geographic range, as far
as we know it, of this ancestral pumpkin is rather restricted.
i. e. the Lake Okeechobee region, including doubtless, the unex­plored
hammocks of Lake Istokpoga. However, the range may
have been more extended several centuries ago when Florida pos­sessed
a warmer and more evenly tempered climate. As late as
the middle of the eighteenth century, Bartram1 records the occur­rence
of the royal- palm ( Roystonia regia) nearly as far north as
the Lake George region and his account of a combat between
alligators as he termed them, may really refer to crocodiles, as
his description of the methods of combat describes those of croco­diles
and not those of the hardier alligators. Now the croco­diles
have all but disappeared even from southern Florida.
The pioneer white men found the Seminole Indians of the
peninsula cultivating a kind of pumpkin. This was popularly
named the Seminole- pumpkin. In modern Seminole speech,
which is a Moskogee variant and in no way related to the ab­original
tongue, pumpkin is Chos- chee. The stem and flowers
are identical with those of our various cultivated pumpkins.
The fruits are larger than in the wild plant described above and
they vary from spheroidal, often much depressed, through pyri-form
to those with a short stout neck.
It is possible that the pumpkins found by the early travellers
and pioneer settlers in more temperate North America as a staple
cultivated crop among the American Indians, were descended
from our wild Okeechobee pumpkin, through the Seminole pump­kin
as its more or less similar ancestor.
The Seminoles, as far as we can learn, inherited this esculent
from the Florida aborigines, who may have developed it through
many generations or ages from the wild plants now forced to
the wall, so to speak, in the hammocks of Lake Okeechobee,
and perhaps those of Lake Istokpoga, for there are no other
localities on the Florida mainland that are immune from the
frosts accompanying " freezes." The pumpkin plants grow
either in the almost pure humus of the primeval hammocks as
described and illustrated in a former paper2 or on the sandy
shores of Lake Okeechobee. Several attempts to grow vines
1 Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West
Florida. 1792.
- The American Museum Journal 18: 648- 700. 1918.
23
to maturity at the New York Botanical Garden were unsuccess­ful
However, we are growing specimens in the reservations of
Charles Deering in southern Florida where this plant can read­ily
be compared with that of the Seminole pumpkin.
The present- day Seminole Indians are acquainted with the
wild pumpkin, but the only information that can be gathered
from them in regard to its past history, is that it got there just
like the shrubs and trees and has always been there. " Always"
of course, in this case means as far back as the individual Indian
remembers.
JOHN K. SMALL.
THE COLLINS COLLECTION OF ALGAE
The Collins collection of seaweeds and their freshwater rel­atives
was acquired for the herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden early in the present year through the personal generosity
of Director- in- Chief Britton. The collection includes about 41,-
300 specimens and was doubtless one of the largest privately
owned special herbaria of its sort in existence. Besides the
strong representation of New England and Bermuda algae, the
collection contains many specimens of scientific value from the
Philippines ( Shaw, Merrill), South Africa ( Becker, Tyson), Aus­tralia
( Hussey), Japan ( Yendo), India ( Merrifield), Dutch East
Indies ( Weber van Bosse), South Seas ( Reinbold), France ( Cha-lon),
California and Alaska ( Setchell, Saunders, Gardner), and
Venezuela ( Blakeslee). Two sets of special exsiccatae were in­cluded:
Tyson's South African Marine Algae, a series of 100
beautiful specimens, and Hauck & Richter's Phykotheca Uni­versalis,
including 750 specimens. Of the latter, the Garden
previously possessed an incomplete set. Other sets of exsiccatae,
already represented in the Garden herbarium, were not includ­ed
in the purchase.
Mr. Frank S. Collins, of Maiden and later of North Eastham,
Massachusetts, who brought together this large collection of
algae, was a business man, an expert accountant, who devoted
his fragments of leisure time to the advancement of scientific
knowledge. In early manhood he developed an interest in
botany and he was associated with the late Lorin L. Dame in
24
the preparation and publication of the " Flora of Middlesex
County, Massachusetts." His interest soon centered chiefly in
the algae and he became one of the best- known and most effect­ive
of the American writers on this group of plants. His two
most important works are " The Green Algae of North America,"
published in 1909, with supplements in 1912 and 1918, and,
with Dr. A. B. Hervey, " The Algae of Bermuda," published in
1917. At the time of his death, which occurred on May 25,
1920, he had nearly ready for publication manuscripts on the
algae of the Philippine Islands, on the algae of a Canadian-
Arctic Expedition, and on the marine algae of the northeastern
coast of North America. These three manuscripts have been
turned over to the present writer to be edited and completed
for publication. In association with Professor W. A. Setchell
and the late Isaac Holden, Mr. Collins issued the Phycotheca
Boreali- Americana, a collection of dried specimens of the algae
of North America, which had reached a total of 2,400 numbers,
a total only slightly exceeded by Rabenhorst's " Die Algen
Europa's," the only other series of algae exiccatae that ever
approached the Phycotheca in magnitude.
Mr. Collins was one of the original members of the New Eng­land
Botanical Club, was for three years its president, and was
for more than twenty one years an associate editor of its journal,
Rhodora. In recognition of his contributions to botanical lit­erature,
Tufts College, in 1910, conferred upon him the honor­ary
degree of Master of Arts.
The Collins collection of algae is the latest of a notable series
of large collections which have been purchased to facilitate the
systematic researches that are carried on at the Botanical Gar­den.
Prominent among these are the J. B. Ellis collection of
fungi, numbering about 80,00 specimens; the Mitten collection
of mosses and hepatics, including about 50,000 specimens; the
Otto Kuntze herbarium of more than 30,000 miscellaneous speci­mens,
presented to the Garden by the late Andrew Carnegie;
the Vigener herbarium of more than 20,000 specimens, also pre­sented
by Mr. Carnegie; the LInderwood fern collection, with
16,000 specimens; the A. Henry collection of Chinese plants,
including nearly 8,000specimens; and thejenman collection of
West Indian and South American ferns, comprising about 4,000
specimens and given by the late D. O. Mills, the first president
of the Board of Managers of the Garden.
MARSHALL A. HOWE.
25
PUBLICATIONS OF THE STAFF, SCHOLARS AND
STUDENTS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
DURING THE YEAR 1921
Barnhart, J. H. Aetopteron as a generic name. Am. Fern
Jour. 10: i n , 112. 7 F 1921.
The so- called generic names of Ehrhart's Phytohy-lacium.
Rhodora 22: 180- 182. 14 Ja 1921.
Biographical notes. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: A.
W. Chapman, 2 and 34; J. Gorrie, 10, 11, J. L. Blodgett, 51;
W. Bartram, 124; W. Baldwin, 125; A. Garden, 126; J. Ellis,
126; J. Bartram, 127; W. Aiton, 127; A. L. P. P. de Candolle,
130; A. Gray, 130; A. P. de Candolle 130; M. C. Leavenworth,
131; B. R. Alden, 131; J. Torrey, 131; I. W. Hulse, 132; Henry
Perrine, 216.
Biograpical notices of persons mentioned in the Schwein-itz-
Torrey correspondence. Memoirs Torrey Club 16: 290-
300. 16 Jl 1921.
Report of the Bibliographer ( for 1920). Bull. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 10: 353, 354. 10 S 1921.
Boynton, K. K. Bergenia ligulata. Addisonia 6: 29. pl. 207.
15 S 1921.
Bergenia crassifolia. Addisonia 6: 43. pl. 214. 24 O
1921.
Helichrysum bracteatum. Addisonia 6: 45. pl. 21;.
24 O 1921.
Report of the Supervisor of Gardening Instruction
( for 1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 336- 338. 10 S 1921.
Britton, E. G. The preservation of our native plants. Jour.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 40- 44. Issue for F 1921.
Bahama mosses. Bryologist 24: 17- 19. pl. I. 25 Jl
1921.
• The rediscovery of Physcomitrium pygmaeum James.
Bryologist 24: 26. 25 Jl 1921.
Clerodendron Thomsonae. Addisonia 6: 39, 40. pl.
212. 24 O 1921.
Report of the Honorary Curator of mosses ( for 1920)
Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 357" 358- 10 S 1921.
Britton, N. L. Investigation of the flora of northern South
America. Science II. S3: 29, 30. 14 Ja 1921.
26
William Harris, Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 13, 14.
Issue for Ja 1921.
Francis Lynde Stetson. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:
44, 45. Issue for F 1921.
The leafy spurge becoming a pest. Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 22: 73- 75. f. 1. Issue for Ap 1921.
Further botanical studies in- Trinidad. Jour. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. 22: 93- 102. Issue for My 1921.
Stewardson Brown. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:
110- 112. Issue for Je 1921.
With J. N. Rose. Neoabbottia, a new Cactus Genus
from Hispaniola. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 72: No. 9, pp. 6.
j plates and 2 text figures. Je 15, 1921.
George Valentine Nash. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:
145- 148. pl. 261. Issue for Au. 1921
Dr. Pennell's new position. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 171- 172. Issue for S 1921.
The Cacti of Trinidad. Trinidad and Tobago Bull­etin
19: 81- 87. 1921.
Lathyrus latifolius. Addisonia 6: 35. pl. 210. 24 0
1921.
Report of the Secretary and Director- in- Chief for the
year 1920. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 307- 322. 10 S 1921.
Gleason, H. A. The botanical gardens of New York. Sci.
Am. Mo. 3: 24- 27. Ja 1921.
The Iris collection at the New York Botanical Garden.
Flower Grower 8: 10, 11. Ja 1921.
Gager's heredity and evolution in plants ( Review).
Torreya 21: 14- 16. Issue for Ja- F 1921.
Deam's trees of Indiana ( Review). Torreya 21: 66-
68. Issue for Ju- Au 1921.
A rearrangement of the Bolivian species of Centropogon
and Siphocampylus. Bull. Torrey Club 48: 189- 201. 26 S
1921.
Report of the Assistant Director ( for 1920). Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 322- 326. 10 S 1921.
Harlow, S. H. Report of the Librarian ( for 1920). Bull. X.
Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 354- 356. 10 S 1921.
Hollick, A. Loco weeds. Nat. Hist. 21: 85- 91. Issue for Ja,
F 1921. ( Illust.)
27
Report of the Honorary Curator of fossil plants ( for
1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 359. 10 S 1921.
Howe, M. A., De Toni, Forti and. A new species of Laurenica
from Chile, described by De Toni, Forti, and Howe. ( Lau­renica
chilensis sp. nov.) Nuova Notarisia 32: 150- 153. /.
1- 3. 1921.
Some plants from tropical sea gardens. Nat. Hist.
20: 561- 568. F. 1921. ( Illust.)
The " working" of Long Lake. Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 22: 156- 159. Issue for Au 1921.
The 1921 dahlia border. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:
139, 140. Issue for Jl 1921.
Mackenzie, K. K. Scientific names applicable to our purple-flowered
Eupatoriums. Rhodora 22: 157- 165. 7 D 1920.
Murrill, W. A. An excursion to Mountain Lake, Virginia.
Torreya 20: 116- 119. 5 F 1921.
Plants as an inspiration in the art of early peoples.
Gard. Mag. 32: 246- 248. Ja 1921. ( Illust.)
A new bolete from Porto Rico. Gyroporus Earlei sp.
nov. Mycologia 13: 60, 61. 3 F 1921.
The fruit- disease survey. Mycologia 13: 50- 53. pl.
3. 3 F 1921.
Notes and brief articles. Mycologia 13: 54- 61. 3 F
1921; — 13: 114- 118. 26 Mr 1921; — 13: 188- 194. 25 Je
1921; 13: 263- 270. 8 O 1921; — 13: 335- 346. Issue for N
1921.
Notes on a few papers read at Chicago. Mycologia
13: 123- 125. 26 Mr 1921.
Greenhouse lectures. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 46,
47. Issue for F 1921.
The papaya or tree melon. Sci. Am. 124: 191 and
200._ 5 Mr 1921 ( Illust.)
Light- colored Resupinate Polypores— III. Mycologia
13: 83- 100. 26 Mr 1921; — IV. Mycologia 13: 171- 178.
25 Je 1921.
Volume 10 of North American Flora. Mycologia 13:
118. 26 Mr 1921.
Two species of Fuscoporia. Mycologia 13: 119. 26
Mr 1921.
28
A double mushroom. Mycologia 13: 119- 122. /. 1- 3.
26 Mr 1921.
The genus Tinctoporia. Mycologia 13: 122, 123. 26
Mr 1921.
Spring and summer lectures. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 85— 87. Issue for Ap 1921.
Guide to nature study ( Review). Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 22: 89. Issue for Ap 1921.
An underground gasteromycete. Jour. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 22: 89. Issue for Ap 1921
Visit from high school pupils. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 112. Issue for Je 1921.
Cacti and their uses. Sci. Am. 124: 492 and 499, 500.
18 Je 1921.
Autumn lectures. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 140,
141. Issue for Jl 1921.
" Dead men's fingers." Sci. Am. 124: 94 and 107. 6
Au 1921 ( Illust.)
John Macoun. Mycologia 12: 264. 8 O 1921.
Edward T. Harper. Mycologia 13: 264, 265. 8 0
1921.
The banana and its uses. Sci. Am. 124: 118, 119. D
1921. ( Illust.)
Report of the Supervisor of Public Instruction ( for
1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 333- 336. 10 S 1921.
Nash, G. V. Acacia scapuiformis. Addisonia 6: 1, 2. pl.
193. 29 Je 1921.
Acacia pubescens. Adisonia 6: 3, 4. pl. 194. 29 Je
1921.
Acacia pulchella. Addisonia 6: 5. pl. 195. 29jei92i.
Acacia leprosa. Addisonia 6: 7. pl. 196. 29 Je 1921.
Acacia Nabonnandi. Addisonia 6: 9. pl. 197.. 29 Je
1921.
Acacia longifolia floribunda. Addisonia 6: 11. pl. 198.
29 Je 1921
Acacia armata. Addisonia 6: 13. pl. 199. 29 Je
1921.
Acacia lineata. Addisonia 6: 15. pl. 200. 29 Je 1921.
Mains Niedzwetzkyana. Addisonia 6: 23, 24. pl. 204.
15 S 1921.
29
Pinus densiflora. Addisonia 6: 27, 28. pl. 206. 15
S 1921.
Malus ioensis. Addisonia 6 : 3 1 . pl. 208. 15 S 1921.
Report of the Head Gardener and Curator of Plant­ations
( for 1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 338- 344. 10
S 1921.
Pennell, F. W. Alonsoa caulialala. Addisonia 6: 21, 22. pl.
203. 15 S 1921.
Xew species of South American plants ( Review). Torr­eya
2 1 : 34, 35. Issue for Mr- Ap 1921.
Unrecorded genera of Rafinesque— 1. Autikon Bot-kanikon
( 1840). Bull. Torrey Club 48: 89- 96. 8 Mr 1921.
Rusby, H. H. Guide to the economic museum of the New York
Botanical Garden. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 11: 1- 318. 30
Ap 1921.
Report of the Honorary Curator of the economic col­lections
( for 1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 356- 357.
10 S 1921.-
Rydberg, P. A. Notes on Rosaceae— XIII. Bull. Torrey Club
48: 159- 172. 1 Au 1921.
Seaver, F. J. Photographs and descriptions of cup- fungi— IX.
Mycologia 13: 67- 71 pl. 4. Mr. 1921.
Some wood boring insects. Amer. Forestry 27: 769-
772. f. 1- 5 Issue for Dec. 1921.
Small, J. K. A botanical excursion to the Big Cypress. Nat.
Hist. 20: 488- 500. O 1920 ( Illust).
Notes, Botanical. Jour. X. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 1, 3,
6. Issue for Ja 1921.
Old trails and new discoveries. Jour. X. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 25- 40. pl. 253, 254. Issue for F 1921;—( Continued)'
49- 64. pl. 255, 256. Issue for Mr 1921.
Coreopsis pubescens. Addisonia 6: 19, 20. pl. 202.
15 S 1921.
Seminole bread— The Conti. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 121- 137. pl. 258,239. Issue for Jl 1921.
Gaylussacia brachycera Addisonia 6: 17, 18. pl. 201.
15 S 1921.
Along the Juniata River. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22:
168- 171. Issue for S 1921.
30
Cercis chinensis. Addisonia 6: 33, 34. pl. 209. 24
0 1921.
Monarda didyma. Addisonia 6: 47, 48. pl. 216. 24
O 1921.
Report of the Head Curator of the Museums and Herb­arium
( for 1920). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 327- 333. 10
S 1921.
Stout, A. B. A graft- chimera in the apple. Jour. Hered. 11:
233" 237- f- 2&- 2 0 J a 1921.
Conference notes for November and December ( 1920).
Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 15- 19. Issue for Ja 1921; — for
January ( 1921). 47: — for March. 87, 88:— for April.
105, 106.
Types of flowers and intersexes in grapes with refer­ence
to fruit development. X. Y. Agri. Exp. Station,
Tech. Bull. 82: 3- 16. Ja 1921.
Studies of grapes in cooperation with the State Ex­periment
Station at Geneva. N. Y. Jour. X. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 148- 156. pl. 272. Issue for Au 1921.
Report of the Director of the Laboratories. Bull. X*.
Y. Bot. Gard. 10: 344- 348. 10S1921.
Williams R. S. Mosses of the Canadian Arctic Expedition,
1913- 18. Rep. Canad. Arct. Exp. 1913- 18. 4C: 1- 15. f.
1- 18. 8 F 1921.
Hyophila subcucullata sp. nov. Bryologist 24: 22. pl.
2. 25 Jl 1921.
Birds in the Botanical Garden. Jour. X. Y. Bot. Gard.
22: 103- 105. Issue for My 1921.
GREENHOUSE LECTURES, MARCH AND APRIL, 1922
The regular public lectures in the Central Display Greenhouse,
Conservatory Range 2, wi'l be given this spring at 3: 15 o'clock
on Saturday afternoons. Living plants will be used in illustra­tion.
March 18. " Some Interesting Plants Now in Flower," Mr.
K. R. Boynton.
March 25. " The Relation and Reaction of Plants to Light,"
Dr. H. A. Gleason.
31
April I. " How Seeds Change to Seedlings," Dr. A. B. Stout.
April 8. " Tropical Ferns," Dr. M. A. Howe.
Conservatory Range 2 is situated at the eastern side of the
Botanical Garden, north of the Allerton Avenue entrance. It
is most conveniently reached from the Allerton Avenue Station
on the White Plains Extension of the Subway from East 180th
Street. Visitors coming by train to Botanical Garden Station
should inquire at the Museum Building.
W. A. MURRILL.
CONFERENCE NOTES
The February conference of the scientific staff and registered
students of the Garden was held on the afternoon of the 1st.
" A new genus of Rapateaceae" was discussed by Dr. H. A.
Gleason and Dr. J. K. Small reported on " Recent Exploration
in Florida." Both of these papers will appear in print in the
near future. Dr. A. B. Stout reported on the appearance of a
new form of flower type in Lythrum Salicaria in which one set
of stamens and the pistil are of equal length and also of the ap­pearance
of an apetalous variety. These new types have de­veloped
in pedigreed cultures as extreme variations.
A. B. STOUT,
Secretary of the Conference.
NOTES, NEWS AND COMMENT
An inspection for members of the Garden was held on the
afternoon of February 16, at Conservatory Range 1, several
members of the Garden staff being on hand to show visiting
guests through the fifteen different houses constituting the range.
The cactus collection was first inspected, and the houses were
taken in order, ending with the aquatic house. The day was
fine, in spite of the snow, and everyone expressed satisfaction
with the excellent appearance and condition of the plants.
Two troops of Girl Scouts spent the day at the Garden on
February 22, and were shown through the buildings and grounds
by a member of the Garden staff. One troop was from Rochelle,
New Jersey, the members of which were guests of Troop 11 of
the Bronx.
32
Meterorology for February: The total precipitation for the
month was 2.41 inches, of which 0.80 inches ( 8 inches by snow
measurement) fell as snow. The maximum temperatures re­corded
for each week were as follows: 530 on the 2nd, 42 ° on
the 6th, 47° on the 19th and 62° on the 20th. The minimum
temperatures were: 2 i I ^ ° on the 1st, 12° on the 8th, — 2° on
the 17th and 19° on the 25th.
ACCESSIONS
1 plant of Clerodendraon fragrans. ( Given by Miss Mary Bell.)
12 plants for Conservatories, ( Given by Miss Knowles.)
1 plant of Cereus for Conservatories. ( Given by Mr. J. W. Markwell.)
1 plant of Allamanda Hendersonii. ( Given by E. C. Benedict Estate.)
18 plants of Cacti for Conservatories. ( By exchange with U. S. Nat.
Museum through Dr. J. N. Rose.)
55 cuttings of Populus. ( By exchange with U. S. Dept. Agric.)
4 plants for Conservatories. ( By exchange with Mr. W. A. Manda.)
2 plants for Conservatories. ( By exchange with Miss A. Delamar.)
3 plants of Begonia Rex. ( By exchange with Mr. Samuel Untermyer.)
11 plants for Conservatories. ( By exchange with Mr. Wm. B. Thompson.)
1 pkt. of Dodecatheon Media Seed. ( Given by Mrs. Francis C. Farwell.)
•> pkts. of Water Lily Seed. ( By exchange with Missouri Bot. Garden,
18,700 tulip bulbs. ( Given by Holland Bulb Growers Association.)
900 Narcissus bulbs. ( Given by Messrs. Eddy and DeUreede.)
7 plants of Hymenocallis. ( By exchange with Mr. T. L. Beatty.)
25 plants of Iris cristaia for Nurseries. ( By exchange with Dr. W- C.
Coker.)
33 plants of Iris for Nurseries. ( By exchange with Dr. W. C. Coker.)
26 plants for Conservatories, all Cactj. ( By- exchange with U. S. National
Museum through Dr. J. N. Rose.)
59 plants derived from Seed.
5 pkts. of seed. ( By exchange with B. G., Batum, Russia.)
4 pkts. of seed. ( Given by Mr. W. T. Goethe.)
1 pkt. of Seed. ( By exchange with Prof. H. H. Whetzel.)
r pkt. of Seed. ( Given by Mr. K. K. MacKenzie.)
1 pkt. of Seed. ( By exchange with Mr. H. Buckley.)
Members of the Corporation
Dr. Robert Abbe,
Fritz Achelis,
Edward D. Adams,
Charles B. Alexander,
Vincent Astor,
John W. Auchincloss,
George F. Baker,
Stephen Baker,
Henry de Forest Baldwin,
Edmund L. Baylies,
Prof. Charles P. Berkey,
Eugene P. Bicknell,
C. K. G. Billings,
George Blumenthal,
George S. Brewster,
Prof. N. L. Britton,
Prof. Edw. S. Burgess,
Dr. Nicholas M. Butler,
Prof. W. H. Carpenter,
Prof. C. F. Chandler,
Hon. W. A. Clark,
C. A. Coffin,
Marin Le Brun Cooper,
Paul D. Cravath,
James W. Cromwell,
Charles Deering,
Rev. Dr. H. M. Denslow,
Cleveland H. Dodge,
Samuel W. Fairchild,
William B. 0. Field,
James B. Ford,
Henry W. de Forest,
Robert W. de Forest,
Prof. W. J. Gies,
Daniel Guggenheim.
Murry Guggenheim,
J. Horace Harding,
J. Montgomery Hare,
Edward S. Harkness,
Prof. R. A. Harper,
J. Amory Haskell,
T. A. Havemeyer,
A. Heckscher,
Joseph P. Hennessey
Bernhard Hoffmann,
Archer M. Huntington,
Adrian Iselin,
Dr. Walter B. James,
Walter B. Jennings,
Otto H. Kahn,
Prof. James F. Kemp,
Darwin P. Kingsley,
Edw. V. Z. Lane,
Dr. Albert R. Ledoux,
Prof. Frederic S. Lee,
Adolph Lewisohn,
Kenneth K. Mackenzie,
V. Everit Macy,
Edgar L. Marston,
W. J. Matheson,
George McAneny,
Emerson McMillin,
Dr. Walter Mendelson,
John L. Merrill,
Ogden Mills,
Hon. Ogden L. Mills,
Barrington Moore
J. Pierpont Morgan,
Dr. Lewis R. Morris,
Frederic R. Newbold,
C. D. Norton,
Eben E. Olcott,
Prof, tienry F. Osborn,
Chas. Lathrop Pack,
Henry Phipps,
F. R. Pierson,
James R. Pitcher,
Ira A. Place,
Hon. Anning S. Prall,
Charles F. Rand,
Ogden Mills Reid,
Prof. H. M. Richards,
John D. Rockefeller,
William Rockefeller,
W. Emlen Roosevelt,
Prof. H. H. Rusby,
Dr. Reginald H. Sayre,
Mortimer L. Schiff,
Albert R. Shattuck,
Henry A. Siebrecht,
William Sloane,
Valentine P. Snyder,
Louis C. Tiffany,
Felix M. Warburg,
Paul M. Warburg,
Allen Wardwell,
H. H. Westinghouse,
Bronson Winthrop,
James Speyer,
Frederick Strauss,
F. K. Sturgis,
B. B. Thayer,
Charles G. Thompson,
W. Boyce Thompson,
Dr. W. Gilman Thompson
Grenville L. Winthrop.
Members of the Women's Auxiliary
Mrs. George A. Armour,
Mrs. Robert Bacon,
Miss Elizabeth Billings,
Mrs. N. L. Britton,
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie
Mrs. Charles D. Dickey,
Mrs. A. Barton Hepburn,
Mrs. Robert C. Hill,
Mrs. Walter Jennings,
Mrs. Delancey Kane,
Mrs. Hamilton F. Kean,
Mrs. Gustav E. Kissel,
Mrs. A. A. Low,
Mrs. V. Everit Macy,
Mrs. Henry Marquand,
Mrs. George W. Perkins,
Mrs. George D. Pratt,
Mrs. Harold I. Pratt,
Mrs. William A. Read
Mrs. James Roosevelt,
Mrs. Benson B. Sloan,
Mrs. Theron G. Strong,
Mrs. Henry O. Taylor,
Mrs. W. G. Thompson,
Mrs. Cabot Ward.
Honorary Members of the Women's Auxiliary
Mrs. E. Henry Harriman, Mrs. Ja9. A. Scrymser,
Mrs. John I. Kane, Miss Olivia E. P. Stokes,
Mrs. F. F. Thompson
Provisions for
Benefactors, Patrons, Fellows, Fellowship Members,
Sustaining Members, Annual Members
and Life Members
1. Benefactors
The contribution of $ 25,000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a benefactor of the Garden.
2. Patrons
The contribution of $ 5000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden by gift
or by bequest shall entitle the contributor to be a patron of the Garden.
3. Fellows for Life
The contribution of $ 1000.00 or more to the funds of the Garden at any
one time shall entitle the contributor to be a fellow for. life of the Garden.
4. Fellowship Members
Fellowship members pay $ 100.00 or more annually and become fellows for
life when their payments aggregate $ 1000.00.
5. Sustaining Members
Sustaining members pay from $ 25.00 to $ 100.00 annually and become
allows for life when their payments aggregate $ 1000.00.
6. Annual Members
Annual members pay an annual fee of $ 10.00.
All members are entitled to the following privileges:
1. Tickets to all lectures given under the auspices of the Board of Managers.
2. Invitations to all exhibitions given under the auspices of the Board of
Managers.
3. A copy of all handbooks published by the Garden.
4. A copy of all annual reports and Bulletins.
5. A copy of the monthly Journal.
6. Privileges of the Board Room.
7. Life Members
Annual members may become Life Members by the payment of a fee of
$ 250.00.
Information
Members are invited to ask any questions they desire to have answered
on botanical or horticultural subjects. Docents will accompany any member!
through the grounds and buildings any week day, leaving Museum Building
at 3 o'clock.
Form of Bequest
I hereby bequeath to the New York Botanical Garden incorporated
under the Laws of New York, Chapter 285 of 1891, the sum of